{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T18:22:32Z","timestamp":1766514152368,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008667","name":"SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\u201022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008667","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K09810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K09810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009950","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lithium is the first\u2010line drug for the treatment of bipolar disorders (BDs); however, not all patients responded. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3\u03b2 and brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play a role in the therapeutic action of lithium. Since structural variations were reported in these genes, it is possible that these genomic variations may be involved in the therapeutic responses to lithium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty patients with BDs and 50 healthy subjects (mean age 55.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.0\u00a0years; M\/F 19\/31) participated. We examined structural variation of the GSK3\u03b2 and BDNF genes by real\u2010time PCR. We examined the influence of structural variation of these genes on the therapeutic responses to lithium and the occurrence of antidepressant\u2010emergent affective switch (AEAS). The efficacy of lithium was assessed using the Alda scale, and AEAS was evaluated using Young Mania Rating Scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although we examined structural variations within intron II and VII of the GSK3<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> gene and from the end of exon IV to intron IV and within exon IX of the BDNF gene, no structural variation was found in BDs. Whereas 5 of 50 patients exhibited three copies of the genomic region within exon IV of the BDNF gene, all healthy subjects had two copies. No difference in the therapeutic efficacy of lithium was found between patients with three and two copies. No difference in the occurrence of AEAS was found between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The amplification of the BDNF gene influenced neither the therapeutic responses to lithium nor the occurrence of AEAS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1574765108000},"page":"46-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structural variation in the glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 and brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor genes in Japanese patients with bipolar disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Suga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku 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University of Tokushima Graduate School Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeru","family":"Morinobu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy School of Health Science and Social Welfare KIBI International University Takahashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Key treatment studies of lithium in manic\u2010depressive illness: efficacy and side effects","volume":"59","author":"Bowden CL","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic augmentation of mood stabilizer 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