{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:12:22Z","timestamp":1790835142037,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K06520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K06520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K22477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K22477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our previous studies showed that exposure to acute restraint stress enhanced cocaine\u2010induced conditioned place preference (cocaine\u2010CPP) and suggested the possibility that co\u2010activation of adrenergic transmission boosts the increase in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neuronal activity by the activation of dopaminergic transmission. To examine this possibility, the effects of the co\u2010treatment with dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) on mPFC neurons were compared with those of treatment with DA alone using whole\u2010cell patch\u2010clamp recordings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of DA alone and a mixture of DA and NA on the membrane potentials and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were examined by electrophysiological recordings of mPFC pyramidal neurons in brain slices of male Sprague Dawley rats. Extracellular DA and NA levels in the mPFC during and after restraint stress exposure were also examined by in vivo microdialysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dopamine significantly produced depolarizing effects on mPFC neurons and tended to increase sEPSC frequency. Co\u2010administration of NA with DA produced stronger depolarizing effects and significantly increased sEPSC frequency. The findings suggest that the additional depolarizing effect of NA on DA\u2010responsive neurons, rather than the excitation of DA\u2010nonresponsive neurons by NA, contributes to the stronger effect of co\u2010treatment of NA with DA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study suggests that NA released by restraint stress exposure cooperates with DA to stimulate DA\u2010responsive neurons in the mPFC, thereby causing the stress\u2010induced enhancement of cocaine\u2010CPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T07:56:39Z","timestamp":1600070199000},"page":"348-354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Noradrenaline enhances the excitatory effects of dopamine on medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons in 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