{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:36:48Z","timestamp":1769553408381,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Math skill is a basic need for an individual, as a career prospect. However, little is known about early brain processes of arithmetic between individuals with different math skill. Therefore, we questioned the modulation of the amplitude of an early negative component by math skill level in an arithmetic verification paradigm using event\u2010related potential (ERP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six right\u2010handed participants were assigned in two groups of high\u2010 and low\u2010performing students. Their electroencephalogram was recorded while they completed an arithmetic verification task. Simple arithmetic operands were made by random digits from 1 to 9. Addition and subtraction operations were equally used in correct and incorrect responses. The accuracy scores, reaction times, and peak amplitude of the negativity in 200\u2010400\u00a0ms time window were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high\u2010performing group showed significantly higher response speeds, and they were more accurate than the low\u2010performing group. The group\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0region interaction effect was significant. The high\u2010performing group showed a significantly greater negativity, particularly in parietal region, while the low\u2010performing group showed a significantly deeper negativity in frontal and prefrontal region. In the low\u2010performing group, there were significant peak amplitude differences between the anterior and posterior areas. However, such differences were not detected in the high\u2010performing group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students with different mathematical performance showed distinct patterns in early processing of arithmetic verification, as reflected by differences in negativity at 200\u2010400\u00a0ms at anterior and posterior. This suggests that ERPs could be used to differentiate math mastery at neural level which is beneficial in educational and clinical contexts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T16:29:43Z","timestamp":1610987383000},"page":"73-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The neural differences of arithmetic verification performance depend on math skill: Evidence from event\u2010related potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3049-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiva","family":"Taghizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Cognitive Neuroscience Faculty of Education and Psychology University of Tabriz Tabriz 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