{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T11:20:37Z","timestamp":1768735237200,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the risk factors for cannabis use disorders and cannabis psychosis in Japan based on a 2021 online survey among Japanese users of social network services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3142 respondents who had used cannabis within the preceding year were categorized into two groups based on the development of cannabis use disorder and\/or cannabis psychosis. Analyses were performed to determine these conditions' risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate analysis revealed that factors significantly associated with cannabis use disorders were \u201ccannabis\u2010use initiation at a young age\u201d (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.004, OR: 0.951, 95% CI [0.920\u20130.984]), \u201cfamily history of mental health problems\u201d (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001, OR: 1.988, 95% CI [1.545\u20132.556]), \u201cpsychiatric disorders preceding cannabis use\u201d (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.039, OR: 1.672, 95% CI [1.026\u20132.722]), and \u201cuse of cannabis products other than dry flower\u201d (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001, OR: 2.725, 95% CI [1.844\u20134.026]). Factors significantly associated with cannabis psychosis were \u201ccannabis\u2010use initiation at a young age\u201d (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.011, OR: 0.888, 95% CI [0.811\u20130.973]) and \u201cfamily history of mental health problems\u201d (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.002, OR: 2.531, 95% CI [1.400\u20134. 576]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk factors for problematic cannabis use were cannabis initiation at a young age, pre\u2010cannabis psychiatric disorders, family history of mental health problems, and the use of cannabis products other than dry flower. However, the causal relationship among these factors remains ambivalent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T07:40:09Z","timestamp":1671522009000},"page":"85-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk factors for cannabis use disorders and cannabis psychosis in Japan: Second report of a survey on cannabis\u2010related health problems among community cannabis users using social networking services"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1831-1512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Masataka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Incorporated Association Green Zone Japan  Saitama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Kumamoto Seijo Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Incorporated Association Green Zone Japan  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Akahoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University  Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"World Law Group.2020 Global report on cannabis policy. 2020 Oct [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.theworldlawgroup.com\/writable\/documents\/news\/2.8.2021\u2010Cannabis\u2010Guide.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"BBC News.Malta becomes first EU nation to legalise cannabis. 2021 Dec [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world\u2010europe\u201059660856"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"BBC News.Thailand cannabis: From a war on drugs to weed curries. 2022 Jun [cited 1 July 2022.] Available from:https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/61836019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"National Conference of State Legislatures.State medical cannabis laws. 2022 Jul [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/state\u2010medical\u2010marijuana\u2010laws.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","unstructured":"Deutsche Welle.Germany takes first step towards relaxing cannabis law. 2022 Jun [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany\u2010takes\u2010first\u2010step\u2010towards\u2010relaxing\u2010cannabis\u2010law\/a\u201062120448"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","unstructured":"JaegerK.Top Italian court blocks marijuana and psilocybin referendum from going before voters. Marijuana Moment. 2022 Feb [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/top\u2010italian\u2010court\u2010blocks\u2010marijuana\u2010and\u2010psilocybin\u2010referendum\u2010from\u2010going\u2010before\u2010voters\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","unstructured":"JaegerK.Luxembourg set to become first European country to legalize marijuana following government recommendation. Marijuana Moment. 2021 Oct [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/luxembourg\u2010set\u2010to\u2010become\u2010first\u2010european\u2010country\u2010to\u2010legalize\u2010marijuana\u2010following\u2010government\u2010recommendation\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia.Legality of cannabis. 2022 Aug [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legality_of_cannabis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs reclassifies cannabis to recognize its therapeutic uses. 2020 Dec [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/04\u201012\u20102020\u2010un\u2010commission\u2010on\u2010narcotic\u2010drugs\u2010reclassifies\u2010cannabis\u2010to\u2010recognize\u2010its\u2010therapeutic\u2010uses"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","unstructured":"Bloomberg.Japan should consider allowing medical cannabis health panel says. 2022 Oct [cited 16 Oct. 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022\u201009\u201029\/japan\u2010should\u2010consider\u2010approving\u2010medical\u2010cannabis\u2010government\u2010panel\u2010says?leadSource=uverify%20wall"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Labor.Subcommittee draft deliberations on the regulation of cannabis. 2022 Sep [cited 16 Oct. 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/11120000\/000995180.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","unstructured":"IchinoK.Discussion on lifting the ban on medical marijuana including the establishment of a new crime of use the outline of a law to be revised in the summer. Asahi Shimbun. 2022 May [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/articles\/ASQ5T64GJQ5TUTFL011.html(in Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.Minutes of the 8th \u201cstudy group on countermeasures against marijuana and other drugs: held on June 11 2021[cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/shingi\/2r98520000031ehd_00008.html(in Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"United Nations.United Nations System common position on incarceration. 2021 Apr [cited 1 July 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/res\/justice\u2010and\u2010prison\u2010reform\/nelsonmandelarules\u2010GoF\/UN_System_Common_Position_on_Incarceration.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination.United Nations system common position supporting the implementation of the international drug control policy through effective inter\u2010agency collaboration. 2018 Feb [cited 16 Oct. 2022]. Available from:https:\/\/unsceb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021\u201001\/2018%20Nov%20\u2010%20UN%20system%20common%20position%20on%20drug%20policy.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61462-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12133"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.4.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(99)00006-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000333338"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Field survey using social media on the harm imposed by cannabis\u2010use among the general public in Japan\u2014the first report","volume":"56","author":"Masataka Y","year":"2021","journal-title":"Jpn J Alcohol Stud Drug Depend"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00102-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7374.1212"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229709030550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990903353415"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2011.605696"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-019-00981-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031065"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042614559843"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.015784"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-3915-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09925.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00465-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16458-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000502"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02736.x"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/npr2.12307","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/npr2.12307","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/npr2.12307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T22:32:34Z","timestamp":1692570754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/npr2.12307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/npr2.12307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/npr2.12307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-173X","2574-173X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-173X","type":"print"},{"value":"2574-173X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}