{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:56Z","timestamp":1786978316672,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment guidelines with respect to unspecified anxiety disorder have not been published. The aim of this study was to develop a consensus among field experts on the management of unspecified anxiety disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experts were asked to evaluate treatment choices based on eight clinical questions concerning unspecified anxiety disorder using a nine\u2010point Likert scale (1\u00a0=\u00a0\u201cdisagree\u201d to 9\u00a0=\u00a0\u201cagree\u201d). According to the responses from 119 experts, the choices were categorized into first\u2010, second\u2010, and third\u2010line recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Benzodiazepine anxiolytic use was not categorized as a first\u2010line recommendation for the primary treatment of unspecified anxiety disorder, whereas multiple nonpharmacological treatment strategies, including coping strategies (7.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4), psychoeducation for anxiety (7.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4), lifestyle changes (7.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5), and relaxation techniques (7.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8), were categorized as first\u2010line recommendations. Various treatment strategies were categorized as first\u2010line recommendations when a benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug did not improve anxiety symptoms, that is, differential diagnosis (8.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4), psychoeducation for anxiety (8.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5), coping strategies (7.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5), lifestyle changes (7.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5), relaxation techniques (7.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9), and switching to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (7.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8). These strategies were also highly endorsed when tapering the dosage of or discontinuing benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs. There was no first\u2010line recommendation regarding excusable reasons for continuing benzodiazepine anxiolytics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The field experts recommend that benzodiazepine anxiolytics should not be used as a first\u2010line option for patients with unspecified anxiety disorder. Instead, several nonpharmacological interventions and switching to SSRIs were endorsed for the primary treatment of unspecified anxiety disorder and as alternatives to benzodiazepine anxiolytics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T23:40:34Z","timestamp":1677022834000},"page":"188-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Management of unspecified anxiety disorder: Expert consensus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5399-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3073-4588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Kitasato University  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing St. Luke's International University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Akita University Graduate School of Medicine  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenya","family":"Ie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kanagawa Japan"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kawasaki Municipal Tama Hospital  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morito","family":"Kise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Family Medicine Development Japanese Health and Welfare Co\u2010operative Federation  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Kyodo Hospital Kawasaki Health Cooperative Association  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tsuboi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine  Tokyo 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