{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:43:40Z","timestamp":1747151020573,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19dm0207074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19dm0207074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantifying cytosine modifications in various brain regions provides important insights into the gene expression regulation and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we quantified 5\u2010methylcytosine (5\u2010mC), 5\u2010hydroxymethylation (5\u2010hmC), and 5\u2010formylcytosine (5\u2010fC) levels in five brain regions (the frontal lobe, cerebral cortical region without frontal lobe, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and the cerebellum) and the heart at three developmental periods (12, 48, and 101\u2009weeks). We observed significant regional variations in cytosine modification. Notably, regional variations were generally maintained throughout development, suggesting that epigenetic regulation is unique to each brain region and remains relatively stable with age. The 5\u2010mC and 5\u2010hmC levels were positively correlated, although the extent of the correlations seemed to differ in different brain regions. On the contrary, 5\u2010fC levels did not correlate with 5\u2010mC or 5\u2010hmC levels. Additionally, we observed an age\u2010dependent decrease in 5\u2010fC levels in the basal ganglia, suggesting a unique epigenetic regulation mechanism. Further high\u2010resolution studies using animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders as well as postmortem brain evaluation are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T23:38:44Z","timestamp":1701992324000},"page":"250-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantification of cytosine modifications in the aged mouse brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroko","family":"Sugawara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kansai Rosai Hospital  Amagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akitoshi","family":"Date","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Fuke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders RIKEN Center for Brain Science  Wako Japan"},{"name":"Research Unit\/Neuroscience Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Nakachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7856-3952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadafumi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders RIKEN Center for Brain Science  Wako Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Tokyo 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