{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:11:09Z","timestamp":1791083469233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate changes in the clinical characteristics of patients who abused benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRA) or over\u2010the\u2010counter (OTC) drugs before and after COVID\u201019 based on the 2018 and 2022 data of the \u201cNationwide Psychiatric Hospital (NPH) Survey on Drug\u2010related Psychiatric Disorders.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 446 and 155 cases, and 435 and 273 cases, who mainly abused BZRAs or OTC drugs, respectively, were extracted from the database of the two NPH Surveys. Demographic variables, education, employment, criminal record, drug use during the previous year, psychiatric diagnosis, and types of abused drugs were compared between 2018 and 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comparison of BZRA abusers revealed a decreased number of users during the previous year and an increase in the comorbidity rate of other disorders (F3 and F4 in ICD\u201010) in 2022. Etizolam, flunitrazepam, triazolam, and zolpidem were used most in both years, with an increase in zolpidem and a decrease in triazolam in 2022. A comparison of OTC drug abusers revealed a higher proportion of women and young patients in 2022. An increase in the comorbidity rate of F3 and F9 and a significant increase in the use of dextromethorphan products were observed in 2022, although codeine products were in the majority in both years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By comparing NPH Surveys before and after the COVID\u201019 pandemic, both BZRA abusers and OTC drug abusers present complex pathologies, requiring tailor\u2010made treatment. The younger OTC drug abusers were particularly evident among women, and the abuse of dextromethorphan\u2010containing OTC drugs has increased alarmingly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T01:40:03Z","timestamp":1713231603000},"page":"437-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of patients with benzodiazepine receptor agonist\u2010related psychiatric disorders and over\u2010the\u2010counter drug\u2010related psychiatric disorders before and after the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 pandemic: Changes in psychosocial characteristics and types of abused drugs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Usami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitakyushu Municipal Mental Health Welfare Center  Kitakyushu Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoji","family":"Okita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8906-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Shimane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Dependence Research National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Kodaira Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"The urge: our history of addiction","author":"Fisher CE","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"International Narcotics Control Board.Report of the International Narcotics Control Board on the Availability of Internationally Controlled Drugs: Ensuring Adequate Access for Medical and Scientific Purposes.2010[Cited 2023 October 18]. Available from:https:\/\/www.incb.org\/documents\/Publications\/AnnualReports\/AR2010\/Supplement\u2010AR10_availability_English.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health.Labour and Welfare: Creation of switch OTC drug deduction (special provision for medical expense deduction) to promote self\u2010medication. [Cited 2023 October 18]. Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/10800000\/000895388.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"MatsumotoT UsamiT FunadaD OkitaK MakinoE YamamotoT.Health Labour Research Grant by Ministry of Health and Welfare Research on Pharmaceutical and Medical Regulatory Science (Principal Investigator Shimane T).2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03379620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.Trends in drug fees for psychotropic drugs. Health Insurance Bureau Actuarial Research Division.2018[Cited 2023 October 18]. Available from: mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/iryouhoken\/database\/zenpan\/dl\/cyouzai_doukou_topics_h30_12.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Polysubstance use patterns among high dose benzodiazepine users: a latent class analysis and differences between male and female use","volume":"13","author":"Zamboni L","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Organization for small & medium enterprises and regional innovation: market research data Drugstore (2021 edition).2022[Cited 2023 October 18]. Available from:https:\/\/j\u2010net21.smrj.go.jp\/startup\/research\/productsales\/cons\u2010chemistshop2.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"ShimaneT InouraS YamaguchiY QiuD WadaK.Health Labour Research Grant by Ministry of Health and Welfare Research on Pharmaceutical and Medical Regulatory Science (Principal Investigator Shimane T).2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"ShimaneT InouraS KitamuraM et\u00a0al.Ministry of Health and Welfare Research Project on Addiction (Principal Investigator Matsumoto T).2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.White Paper on Suicide Countermeasures 2020. [Cited 2023 October 18]. Available from:https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/r4h\u20102\u20103.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14659891.2011.615002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v9i3.979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-021-00350-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse.Over\u2010the\u2010Counter Medicines DrugFacts.2017[Cited 2023 October 18] Available from:https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/over\u2010counter\u2010medicineshttps:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/npr2.12440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:51:07Z","timestamp":1733100667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/npr2.12440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/npr2.12440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/npr2.12440","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-173X","2574-173X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-173X","type":"print"},{"value":"2574-173X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}