{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:08:24Z","timestamp":1773004104179,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To examine the characteristics associated with happiness in Japanese individuals with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A self\u2010reported online survey was conducted in 2022 among individuals aged 20\u201375\u2009years, including 223 and 1776 individuals with and without schizophrenia, respectively. We used a modified Poisson regression to assess the factors associated with happiness by calculating the age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs). We examined within\u2010schizophrenia group differences by age and sex strata, and compared these stratified PRs between groups with and without schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among participants with schizophrenia, happiness was significantly associated with self\u2010rated health status (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.75),\n Ikigai<\/jats:italic>\n (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20095.02), depressive symptoms (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.43), perceived stress (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.52), cognitive social capital (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.07), structural social capital (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.70), social support (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.40), close friends (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.88), close relatives (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.34), and a cohabiting partner (\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.57). Within the schizophrenia group, sex differences were significant for cognitive social capital (men:\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20093.45; women:\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.43) and cohabiting partners (men:\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.26; women:\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.25), whereas no significant age differences were found. Factors demonstrating a stronger association in participants with schizophrenia than in those without schizophrenia included:\n Ikigai<\/jats:italic>\n (with,\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20095.02; without,\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.91), cognitive social capital (with,\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.07; without,\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.49), and structural social capital (with,\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.70; without,\n PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.24).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Happiness in individuals with schizophrenia is associated with physical, mental, and social factors, with social factors exhibiting sex\u2010related differences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T10:09:01Z","timestamp":1756980541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical, Mental, and Social Characteristics Associated With Happiness in Individuals With Schizophrenia in Japan: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5707-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junna","family":"Hattori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health School of Medicine, Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7942-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaaki","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health School of Medicine, Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3162-0176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yupeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health School of Medicine, Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8830-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9237-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taro","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, Fujita Health University Toyoake 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