{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:52:09Z","timestamp":1791276729188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharm Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tic disorders typically begin in childhood and often improve by adulthood, but some individuals continue to experience tic symptoms into adult life. Tic disorders frequently co\u2010occur with Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and in such cases \u03b12\u2010adrenergic agonists are recommended as a treatment as they can address both conditions. However, evidence in adults with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders is limited, as most studies have focused on pediatric populations. Here, we present three adult male patients with childhood\u2010onset ADHD and chronic tic symptoms who showed a rapid and significant improvement in tics with low\u2010dose extended\u2010release guanfacine (GXR) monotherapy. These cases suggest that GXR can effectively treat both ADHD and tic symptoms in adults\u2014a finding that has not been well documented in prior adult studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.70167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:19:41Z","timestamp":1788826781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three Adult Cases of\n                    <scp>ADHD<\/scp>\n                    With Comorbid Tic Symptoms Successfully Treated With Guanfacine Monotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0258-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Tada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jimbocho Mental Health Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jimbocho Mental Health Clinic  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tsuboi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0736-7070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichiro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Kyorin University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-016-0099-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01899-z"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"492","article-title":"An Adult Case of Tic Symptoms Comorbid With ADHD Successively Treated With Guanfacine","volume":"67","author":"Tada K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Seishinigaku"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"S43","article-title":"The Emerging Neurobiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Key Role of the Prefrontal Association Cortex","volume":"154","author":"Arnsten A. F. T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30269-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2008.0152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-019-0226-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12935"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Guanfacine Extended\u2010Release in the Treatment of Attention\u2010Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: Results of a Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Study","volume":"81","author":"Iwanami A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2020.107327"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/npr2.70167","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/npr2.70167","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/npr2.70167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:10:23Z","timestamp":1791274223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/npr2.70167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/npr2.70167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/npr2.70167","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-173X","2574-173X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-173X","type":"print"},{"value":"2574-173X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70167"}}