{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:40:15Z","timestamp":1783957215667,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]],"date-time":"2006-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1148947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4532,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Natural Toxins"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children suffering from kwashiorkor could be grouped as those in whom aflatoxin was detectable in both serum and urine, and those in whom this mycotoxin was undetectable. Examination of the clinical records of the aflatoxin\u2010positive and negative children (58% and 42% of the sample, respectively) showed several other differences between the two groups. Compared with the aflatoxin\u2010negative group, the children scored as aflatoxin\u2010positive showed a significantly lower haemoglobin level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), a longer duration of oedema (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.057), an increased number of infections (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.037), and a longer duration of hospital stay (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). The present findings suggest that the consumption of a staple food such as maize that is contaminated with the fungus <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic> exposes susceptible kwashiorkor children to the metabolic hazards of aflatoxins, resulting in a <jats:italic>greater<\/jats:italic> risk of frequent infections. \u00a9 1994 wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nt.2620020102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T02:22:59Z","timestamp":1161138179000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Aflatoxin, kwashiorkor, and morbidity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Miriam","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Ramjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Berjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"346","article-title":"Wet\u2010heat treatment: A promising method for the elimination of mycoflora from maize grains","volume":"88","author":"Berjak P","year":"1992","journal-title":"S Afr J Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Mycotoxins and N\u2010Nitroso Compounds: Environmental Risks","author":"Busby NF","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90266-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Aflatoxin","author":"Goldblatt LA","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6345.843"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)80968-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6627.968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein on aflatoxin injury in weaning rats","volume":"80","author":"Madhavan TV","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"984","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein level on susceptibility of monkey to alflatoxin liver injury","volume":"53","author":"Madhavan TV","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ind J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Essentials of Paediatrics","author":"Nichols BL","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"507","volume-title":"Trichothecenes and Other Mycotoxins","author":"Pier AC","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1992.11747579","article-title":"Aflatoxins and kwashiorkor in Durban, South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Ramjee G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Environmental Health Criteria II. Mycotoxins","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"1979"}],"container-title":["Natural Toxins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnt.2620020102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nt.2620020102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T17:29:58Z","timestamp":1698168598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nt.2620020102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nt.2620020102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nt.2620020102","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-9014","1522-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-9014","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}}}