{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:36:00Z","timestamp":1791153360387,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]],"date-time":"2006-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1148947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4412,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Natural Toxins"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The biotransformation of the <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by the normal bacterial gut flora of pigs was examined in this in vitro study For that purpose, suspensions of intestinal contents (duodenum, jejunum, caecum, colon, rectum) of porcine origin were incubated anaerobically with deoxynivalenol (DON) or zearalenone (ZEA). DON and ZEA were degraded by the flora of the caudal segments (caecum, colon, rectum) of the gut\u2014particularly the colon content\u2014whereas the microorganisms of the cranial segments (duodenum, jejunum) exhibited no transforming activity. DON was showed to be deepoxidated, ZEA was hydrolyzed to a\u2010zearalenol and an unknown metabolite. The transformation of DON was correlated with a loss of cytotoxicity, which could be demonstrated in the MTT(3\u2010[4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102yl]\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide)\u2010cell\u2010culture assay using swine kidney cells as target cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results of the study presented here correspond with the data found in in vivo studies. On the basis of these findings one could conclude that this in vitro method seems to be well suited to the study of the transformation of mycotoxins by the microflora of the gut. The in vitro study is cheaper than a feeding trial, and the preliminary information on the metabolism of mycotoxins obtained in such studies is helpful in designing feeding trials more clearly. Besides the simple and fast handling, reproducibility and the protection of the animals studied are further advantages of this in vitro method. In connection with the MTT\u2010cell\u2010culture assay, additional information about the cytotoxic potential of the bacterial transformation products can be obtained. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nt.2620020303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T02:25:09Z","timestamp":1161138309000},"page":"105-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["In vitro transformation of the <i>Fusarium<\/i> mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by the normal gut microflora of pigs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Birgit","family":"Kollarczik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Gareis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Hanelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Ver\u00e4nderungen am Genitaltrakt des weiblichen Schweines nach Verf\u00fctterung praxisrelevanter Zearalenonmengen","volume":"15","author":"Bauer J","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Survey of vomitoxin contaminated feed grains in Midwestern United States and associated health problems in swine","volume":"184","author":"Cote LM","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Ass"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(86)80681-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00069a020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1976.4251202x","article-title":"Improvement for swine of Gibberella zeae\u2010damaged corn by washing","volume":"42","author":"Forsyth DM","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03191982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"441","volume-title":"Fusarium\u2014Mycotoxins, Taxonomy, and Pathogenicity","author":"Gareis M","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HintikkaEL SaariL BergS RizzoA KarppanenE(1988):Occurrence of trichothecenes in feed and cereals in Finland. European Seminar of Fusarium Mycotoxins Taxonomy Pathogenicity Warsaw 1987. 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