{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:37:44Z","timestamp":1787315864593,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Research in Nursing &amp; Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Entry into the child protection system in the US begins with a child maltreatment report. Some evidence suggests that report source and child age are related to report outcomes, but there has been no national study of these relationships. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to describe the distribution of report sources for child physical abuse (CPA), and examine whether (a) the source of a report and (b) child age contribute to the likelihood of substantiation of the reported abuse. Multilevel logistic regressions were conducted using a US national sample of 204,414 children investigated for CPA in 2013 in a dataset obtained from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System. Results showed that fewer than one in seven children reported for CPA were confirmed victims of abuse. Professionally mandated reporters initiated the majority of CPA reports, and their reports were more likely to be substantiated compared with nonprofessionals. However, reports made by even the most accurate professional group (legal\/law enforcement) had only a 26% chance of substantiation, and some professional groups had a lower likelihood of substantiation than nonprofessionals. Reports made by professionals were less likely to be substantiated as child age increased. More research is warranted to develop and test the effectiveness of training programs to improve CPA reporting and identification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.21818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]],"date-time":"2017-09-12T12:23:43Z","timestamp":1505219023000},"page":"519-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Reporting and identifying child physical abuse: How well are we doing?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4703-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace W.K.","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Nursing Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amie","family":"Bettencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Nursing Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2003.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483328584.n18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Mandatory reporting of abuse: A historical perspective on the evolution of states' current mandatory reporting laws with a review of the laws in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania","volume":"59","author":"Brown L. G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tolle Lege"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.092007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2016). Definitions of child abuse and neglect. Washington DC: US Department of Health and Human Services Children's Bureau."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2014). Mandatory reporters of child abuse and neglect. Washington DC: US Department of Health and Human Services Children's Bureau."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2003). Decision\u2010making in unsubstantiated child protective services cases. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Children's Bureau."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508318400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9685-9_3","volume-title":"Mandatory reporting laws and the identification of severe child abuse and neglect","author":"Drake B.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2311"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61707-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-7409(95)00035-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303667"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559506296722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-008-9019-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559514567176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559513508001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559503254143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0922"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2005.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511411179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7208-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedlak A. J. Mettenburg J. Basena M. Peta I. McPherson K. &Greene A.(2010). Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS\u20104). Washington DC: US Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/opre\/resource\/fourth-national-incidence-study-of-child-abuse-and-neglect-nis-4-report-to","DOI":"10.1037\/e565022012-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2011.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 12","author":"StataCorp.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health & Human Services. (2015).Child maltreatment 2013. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/cb\/resource\/child-maltreatment-2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.11.005"}],"container-title":["Research in Nursing &amp; Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnur.21818","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nur.21818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T09:40:08Z","timestamp":1695721208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nur.21818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nur.21818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nur.21818","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-6891","1098-240X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-6891","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-240X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,12]]}}}