{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:45:30Z","timestamp":1790214330350,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NR016650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NR016650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Nursing &amp; Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>In South Africa, 60% of female sex workers are estimated to be living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many of these women face structural and individual\u2010level barriers to initiating, accessing, and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART). While data are limited, it is estimated that less than 40% of sex workers living with HIV achieve viral suppression, leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes and sustained risks of onward sexual and vertical HIV transmission. Siyaphambili, a NINR\/NIH\u2010funded study, focuses on studying optimal implementation strategies for meeting HIV treatment needs among cisgender female sex workers living with HIV who are not virally suppressed. Here, we present the study protocol of this sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. In total, 800 viremic female sex workers will be enrolled into an 18\u2010month adaptive implementation study to 1) compare the effectiveness and durability of a nurse\u2010led decentralized ART treatment program versus an individualized case management approach, in isolation or in combination to achieve viral suppression and 2) estimate incremental cost\u2010effectiveness of interventions and combinations of interventions. The primary outcome is a combined intention\u2010to\u2010treat outcome of retention in ART care and viral suppression at 18 months with secondary implementation outcomes. Siyaphambili aims to inform the implementation of and scale\u2010up of HIV treatment services for female sex workers by determining the minimal package of services needed to achieve viral suppression and by characterizing individuals in need of more intensive HIV treatment approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.21928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T18:22:28Z","timestamp":1547576548000},"page":"107-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Siyaphambili protocol: An evaluation of randomized, nurse\u2010led adaptive HIV treatment interventions for cisgender female sex workers living with HIV in Durban, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2991-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carly A.","family":"Comins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheree R.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deliwe R.","family":"Phetlhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Cape Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijayanand","family":"Guddera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB HIV Care Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB HIV Care Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason E.","family":"Farley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing The REACH Initiative Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Parmley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Beyrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dowdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmistha","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Hausler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing The REACH Initiative Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Baral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-014-0265-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2007.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2004.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Arnott J. &Crago A.\u2010L.(2009). 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