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We explored the cognitive and affective correlates of brain fog in people with symptomatic mild TBI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), moderate\u2010to\u2010severe TBI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), and a healthy control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916). Measures across the studies assessed \u201cbrain fog\u201d (Mental Clutter Scale), objective cognition (Useful Field of View\u00ae and Cogstate Brief Battery\u00ae), post\u2010concussive symptoms (Post\u2010Concussion Symptom Scale), and depressive symptoms (Profile of Moods Scale). Brain fog was higher in symptomatic mild TBI and moderate\u2010to\u2010severe TBI compared with healthy controls. Greater brain fog corresponded to greater depressive symptoms in symptomatic mild TBI. Greater brain fog corresponded to poorer episodic memory and working memory in moderate\u2010to\u2010severe TBI. Brain fog appears to reflect challenges in recovery, including depressive symptoms and worse cognitive function. Screening for brain fog might be worthwhile in people with brain injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.22280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T10:24:29Z","timestamp":1670840669000},"page":"136-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Severity and correlates of brain fog in people with traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5702-5995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Novack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Despina","family":"Stavrinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cA fog that impacts everything\u201d: A qualitative study of health\u2010related quality of life in people living with HIV who have cognitive impairment","author":"Alford K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S128508"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"The Useful Field of View test: A new technique for evaluating age\u2010related declines in visual function","volume":"64","author":"Ball K.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Optometric Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.238604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410015587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1380228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2016.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00847-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.18.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.073155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200301000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200405000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2011.635354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.2350050506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708080363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0319-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.10.0226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200507000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699050903421099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S113264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2019.1611740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000120895.20623.9f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199309000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858420941476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acq031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/02.07.14.22.PR0.109.5.445-452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an1303_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-015-8716-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800417751069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/2078-516X\/2009\/v21i2a296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McManus B. 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