{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:37:23Z","timestamp":1787701043668,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Nursing &amp;amp; Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Artificial Intelligence (AI)\u2010based applications have significant potential to differentiate between pressure injuries (PI) and incontinence\u2010associated dermatitis (IAD), common challenges in nursing practice. Within the KIADEKU overall project, we are developing an AI\u2010based application to aid in the nursing care of PI and IAD and to facilitate personalized, evidence\u2010based nursing interventions. The KIADEKU clinical sub\u2010study described in this study protocol is a controlled, non\u2010randomized clinical pilot intervention study investigating the effects of the AI\u2010based application, fully developed in the KIADEKU overall project, on the duration of wound assessment, dressing change and documentation, guideline adherence, and nurse task load. The study utilizes a pre\u2010post design with two data collection periods. During the initial phase, we will observe and survey nurses in the control group as they provide conventional wound care without AI support to adult patients with PI or IAD in the pelvic area across eight wards at the LMU University Hospital. In the following intervention phase, the AI\u2010based application will assist nurses in wound assessment and deliver guideline\u2010based nursing interventions for documented wound types. Observations and surveys will be repeated. Measurements will include the duration of wound assessment, dressing changes, and documentation, adherence to wound care guidelines, and the accuracy of AI predictions in clinical settings, validated by an on\u2010site expert assessment. The survey will assess nurses\u2019 task load and other covariates, such as professional experience, overall workload during the shift, and wound severity. Linear regression models will be used to analyze the effects of AI usage on the aforementioned aspects, taking into account these covariates. The accuracy of AI predictions regarding wound type and classification will be measured using the on\u2010site expert's assessment as the ground truth. The usability of the AI\u2010based application and standard clinical documentation systems will be evaluated further. The deployment of the AI application in clinical settings aims to reduce the duration of wound assessments, dressing changes, and documentation; decrease nurse task load; enhance guideline adherence in wound care; and promote AI utilization in nursing. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) (DRKS00031355). Registered on April 5th, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00031355. Registered on April 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient representatives contributed to the development of the AI\u2010based application through the use of Delphi methodology, as part of the KIADEKU qualitative sub\u2010study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.22469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T07:41:52Z","timestamp":1744789312000},"page":"419-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Controlled Pilot Intervention Study on the Effects of an AI\u2010Based Application to Support Incontinence\u2010Associated Dermatitis and Pressure Injury Assessment, Nursing Care and Documentation: Study Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1330-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Pinnekamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management, Nursing Department Hospital of the Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University (LMU) Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rentschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management, Nursing Department Hospital of the Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University (LMU) Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Majjouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nursing Development and Nursing Research University Hospital of Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Brehmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM) Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Tapp\u2010Herrenbr\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nursing Development and Nursing Research University Hospital of Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Aleithe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"sciendis GmbH Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kleesiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM) Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Hosters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Nursing Development and Nursing Research University Hospital of Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uli","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing Research and Quality Management, Nursing Department Hospital of the Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University (LMU) Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Catholic University of Applied Sciences Munich (KSH)  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Human Performance Research Group.NASA TASK LOAD INDEX (TLX): Paper and Pencil Package.NASA Ames Research Center.https:\/\/humansystems.arc.nasa.gov\/groups\/tlx\/downloads\/TLX_pappen_manual.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-022-00697-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000846"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Beeckman D. 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