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Contraceptive counseling was offered to 62 adolescents following receipt of a negative pregnancy test and to 60 adolescents following a routine medical visit. The 80 adolescents who chose to participate in the study were randomly assigned to a conventional or developmental method of counseling. The effectiveness of their contraceptive practice was measured 1 year later. Two hypotheses were not upheld: Sexually active adolescents were not more likely to accept contraceptive counseling at the time of a negative pregnancy test than at a time of a routine medical visit, and did not subsequently become more effective users of contraceptives. Two hypotheses were upheld: Effective and ineffective users of contraception did not differ in level of knowledge, and adolescents counseled by a developmental method practiced contraception more effectively than those counseled by a conventional method. Findings are discussed in terms of the theory of adolescent development and the proposition that a pregnancy scare motivates teenagers to control fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770060405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,12]],"date-time":"2007-04-12T21:47:33Z","timestamp":1176414453000},"page":"175-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Contraceptive Use by Adolescent Females in Relation to Knowledge, and to Time and Method of Contraceptive Counseling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shirley A.","family":"Marcy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia S.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Danielson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"An analysis of government expenditures consequent to teenage childbearing","author":"Stanford Research Institute International.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"Procedures for patient contraceptive interviews and exams.","author":"Planned Parenthood Association, Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Adolescent sexuality in a changing American society: Social and psychological perspectives","author":"Chilman C. 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