{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:22:18Z","timestamp":1789183338105,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5893,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Research in Nursing &amp; Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses use several external measures referenced to the head and chest to gauge the insertion distance for orogastric and nasogastric (NG) tubes. Few of the measures have been tested. However, in previous studies height was the external measure most correlated with esophageal length both in children and adults. In this study, the ability of previously published regression equations on height to predict esophageal length for NG\u2013tube insertion in 107 children was evaluated. The regression equations were examined for stability, predictive performance, and the likely positions of the tube. The data were heights and esophageal lengths obtained from esophageal manometry records and hospital charts. The predicted values for nasal insertions were biased and averaged 2.4 cm too long (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:01606891:media:NUR4770130609:tex2gif-stack-1\"\/>=.56, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=30). Prediction errors greater than 5 cm in absolute value occurred in 25% of the nasally\u2010referenced sample. The predicted values represented overestimates in 18 nasally referenced cases that were 11.5% longer on the average than the measured esophageal lengths. In contrast, the predicted values for the oral insertions were unbiased (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-2.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:01606891:media:NUR4770130609:tex2gif-stack-2\"\/>=.92, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=77), and gave accurate predictions in the majority of cases. Eighty percent of the oral predictions were within \u00b11.5 cm of the measured esophageal length and represented percentage errors between 0 and 7% (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>=3%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=50).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770130609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,14]],"date-time":"2007-04-14T00:17:17Z","timestamp":1176509837000},"page":"411-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The distance to the stomach for feeding tube placement in children predicted from regression on height"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Beckstrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Ellett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Dye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Games","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Henrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta S.","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Introduction to measurement theory","author":"Allen M. J.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Growth and development of the child: Part II. Anatomy and physiology. White House Conference on Child Health and Protection","author":"Blackfan K. D.","year":"1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Generalizability theory: a review","volume":"4","author":"Brennan R. L.","year":"1979","journal-title":"New directions for testing and measurement"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1981.tb00852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Paediatric gastroenterology","author":"Carre I. J.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Graphical methods for data analysis","author":"Chambers J. M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Anatomy of the human body by Henry Gray, FRS","author":"Clemente C. D.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.14.2.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Paediatric gastroenterology","author":"Dodge J. A.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.59.1.58","article-title":"Value of esophageal manometric studies in the gastroesophageal reflux of infancy","volume":"59","author":"Euler A. R.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Enteral tube feeding: Indications, practices and outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Flynn K. T.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Image"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Aspiration Pnuemonitis","author":"Hamelberg W.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607179003003160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.31.3.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Growth and development of children","author":"Lowrey G. H.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2001.00604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Data analysis and regression: A second course in statistics","author":"Mosteller F.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Linear regression analysis","author":"Seber G. A. F.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"2432","article-title":"Enteral nutrition by tube","volume":"37","author":"Shils M. E.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80361-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005721-198701000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"Staff nurses experiences as coinvestigators in a clinical research project","volume":"16","author":"Welch J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatric Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)30499-8","article-title":"Normal lower esophageal sphincter pressure: A comparison of rapid vs. slow pull\u2010through techniques","volume":"78","author":"Welch R. W.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80194-7","article-title":"Influence of respiration on recordings of lower esophageal sphincter pressure in humans","volume":"83","author":"Welch R. W.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1980.01380040156028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3461959"}],"container-title":["Research in Nursing &amp; Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnur.4770130609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nur.4770130609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T17:21:00Z","timestamp":1697995260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nur.4770130609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nur.4770130609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nur.4770130609","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-6891","1098-240X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-6891","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-240X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}}}