{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:05:23Z","timestamp":1790057123489,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Nursing &amp;amp; Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cumulative Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and low household income are associated with adolescent depression and anxiety, but it is unclear whether distinct ACE subdomains \u2013 maltreatment (e.g., abuse) versus parent challenges (e.g., parental mental illness) \u2013 when experienced in distinct developmental periods exert a unique influence on adolescent mental health, or how ACEs and economic disadvantage operate together to influence outcomes. Thus, we aimed to (1) examine associations between baseline household income, early childhood ACEs (ages 0\u20135; sub\u2010indexed as Maltreatment vs. Parent Challenges) and adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms (age 15), and (2) investigate whether household income moderates the associations between ACE sub\u2010indices and each mental health outcome. We used serial linear regressions and data from the United States\u2010based, longitudinal, racially\/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092523; 51% female; 51% non\u2010Hispanic Black; 36% in poverty at birth). The Parent Challenges sub\u2010index (but not the Maltreatment sub\u2010index) was associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Low household income was associated with depression symptoms. Income moderated the association between the Parent Challenges sub\u2010index and anxiety symptoms; youth from the lowest and highest income strata were at greatest risk. Strategies are urgently needed for ACE prevention and to support parents of very young children (or expectant parents) who are experiencing behavioral health challenges, interpersonal violence, criminalized behavior, and\/or poverty to promote healthy child development and adolescent mental health. Health professionals are well\u2010positioned to advocate for supportive policies, promote trauma\u2010informed environments, and identify\/address significant parental challenges early in development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T10:32:44Z","timestamp":1784370764000},"page":"744-755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Individual and Interactive Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Household Income on Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4942-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea R.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2544-3468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip T.","family":"Veliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9866-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Behavior and Health Equity, School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0675-1855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha V.","family":"Pilkauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7001-1544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd I.","family":"Herrenkohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-4159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Stoddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Health Behavior and Health Equity, School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010020\u201002063\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203758045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"America's Most Trusted: Nurses Continue to Rank the Highest","author":"American Nurses Association","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010015\u20101077\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2010022\u201001671\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2006.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect","author":"Bigler M. 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