{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:25:22Z","timestamp":1781648722592,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among foreign\u2010born and U.S.\u2010born mothers by race\/ethnicity and BMI category.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used 2004\u20102007 linked birth certificate and maternal hospital discharge data of live, singleton deliveries in Florida to compare GDM risk among foreign\u2010born and U.S.\u2010born mothers by race\/ethnicity and BMI category. We examined maternal BMI and controlled for maternal age, parity, and height.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 22.4% of the women in our study were foreign born. The relative risk (RR) of GDM among women who were overweight or obese (BMI \u2265 25.0 kg m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) was higher than among women with normal BMI (18.5\u201024.9 kg m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>) regardless of nativity, ranging from 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0, 1.9) to 3.8 (95% CI = 2.1, 7.2).Foreign\u2010born women also had a higher GDM risk than U.S.\u2010born women, with RR ranging from 1.1 (95% CI = 1.1, 1.2) to 2.1 (95% CI = 1.4, 3.1). This finding was independent of BMI, age, parity, and height for all racial\/ethnicity groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although we found differences in age, parity, and height by nativity, these differences did not substantially reduce the increased risk of GDM among foreign\u2010born mothers. Health practitioners should be aware of and have a better understanding of how race\/ethnicity and nativity can affect women with a high risk of GDM. Although BMI is a major risk factor for GDM, it does not appear to be associated with race\/ethnicity or nativity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,16]],"date-time":"2013-03-16T09:20:42Z","timestamp":1363425642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Racial\/ethnic differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal overweight and obesity, by Nativity, Florida, 2004\u20102007"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shin Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Sappenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoyt G.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie L.","family":"Bish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamisu M.","family":"Salihu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucinda J.","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00542-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(01)00496-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00634.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200109000-00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1801"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.017","article-title":"Gestational diabetes in the United States: temporal trends 1989 through 2004","volume":"198","author":"Getahun D","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.172890"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","article-title":"Prepregnancy obesity prevalence in the United States, 2004\u20102005","author":"Chu SY","year":"2008","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2559a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2007.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000113623.18286.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MACI.0000025729.65328.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Body mass index and risk of diabetes mellitus in the Asia\u2010Pacific region","volume":"15","author":"Ni MC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.23.2860"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.102814"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. 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