{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:39:55Z","timestamp":1789846795706,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroendocrine abnormalities, such as activation of the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal (HPA) axis, are associated with obesity; however, few large\u2010scale population\u2010based studies have examined HPA axis and markers of obesity. We examined the cross\u2010sectional association of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal salivary cortisol curve with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress Study includes 1,002 White, Hispanic, and Black men and women (mean age 65 \u00b1 9.8 years) who collected up to 18 salivary cortisol samples over 3 days. Cortisol profiles were modeled using regression spline models that incorporated random parameters for subject\u2010specific effects. Cortisol curve measures included awakening cortisol, CAR (awakening to 30\u2010min postawakening), early decline (30 min to 2\u2010h postawakening), late decline (2\u2010h postawakening to bedtime), and the corresponding areas under the curve (AUC). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to estimate adiposity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the entire cohort, both BMI and WC were negatively correlated with awakening cortisol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), AUC during awakening rise, and early decline and positively correlated to the early decline slope (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) after adjustments for age, race\/ethnicity, gender, diabetes status, socioeconomic status, \u03b2\u2010blockers, steroids, hormone replacement therapy, and smoking status. No heterogeneities of effects were observed by gender, age, and race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher BMI and WC are associated with neuroendocrine dysregulation, which is present in a large population sample, and only partially explained by other covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,16]],"date-time":"2013-03-16T09:20:42Z","timestamp":1363425642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Diurnal salivary cortisol is associated with body mass index and waist circumference: The multiethnic study of atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shivam","family":"Champaneri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes R.","family":"Carnethon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain G.","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Seeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy S.","family":"DeSantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana 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