{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:08:57Z","timestamp":1791911337858,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,19]],"date-time":"2013-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"The Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIRG-09-132626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIRG-09-132626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The National Institute on Aging","award":["R01 AG027161 [MAS]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG027161 [MAS]"]}]},{"name":"The National Institute on Aging","award":["ADRC P50 AG033514 [SA]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ADRC P50 AG033514 [SA]"]}]},{"name":"The University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research"},{"name":"A National Center for Research Resources\/National Institutes of Health Clinical"},{"name":"Translational Science Award","award":["1UL1RR025011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UL1RR025011"]}]},{"name":"The project was also facilitated by the facilities and resources at the Geriatric Research, Education"},{"name":"Clinical Center (GRECC) of the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI","award":["GRECC MS # 2012-XX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRECC MS # 2012-XX"]}]},{"name":"The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS)\u2014a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors\u2014is linked with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the brain changes underlying this link are presently unknown. In this study, we tested the relationship between MetS, cerebral blood flow (CBF), white matter hyperintensity burden, and gray matter (GM) volume in cognitively healthy late middle\u2010aged adults. Additionally, the extent to which MetS was associated with cognitive performance was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Late middle\u2010aged adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 69, mean age = 60.4 years) underwent a fasting blood draw, arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI, T1\u2010weighted MRI, T2FLAIR MRI, and neuropsychological testing. MetS was defined as abnormalities on three or more factors, including abdominal obesity, triglycerides, HDL\u2010cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean GM CBF was 15% lower in MetS compared to controls. Voxel\u2010wise image analysis indicated that the MetS group had lower CBF across a large portion of the cortical surface, with the exception of medial and inferior parts of the occipital and temporal lobes. The MetS group also had lower immediate memory function; a mediation analysis indicated this relationship was partially mediated by CBF. Among the MetS factors, abdominal obesity and elevated triglycerides were most strongly associated with lower CBF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results underscore the importance of reducing the number of cardiovascular risk factors for maintaining CBF and cognition in an aging population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,19]],"date-time":"2013-05-19T02:51:01Z","timestamp":1368931861000},"page":"1313-1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Low cerebral blood flow is associated with lower memory function in metabolic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alex C.","family":"Birdsill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auriel A.","family":"Willette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Aging Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozioma C.","family":"Okonkwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sterling C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran's Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"William S. Middleton Memorial V. A. Hospital Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Koscik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Jonaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce P.","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asenath","family":"LaRue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard A.","family":"Rowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Radiology Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Asthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) William S. 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