{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:19:00Z","timestamp":1791155940720,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]],"date-time":"2013-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Child abuse appears to increase obesity risk in adulthood, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study examined the association between child abuse victimization and food addiction, a measure of stress\u2010related overeating, in 57,321 adult participants in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NHSII ascertained physical and sexual child abuse histories in 2001 and current food addiction in 2009. Food addiction was defined as \u22653 clinically significant symptoms on a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Confounder\u2010adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using modified Poisson regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 8% of the sample reported severe physical abuse in childhood, while 5.3% reported severe sexual abuse. Eight percent met the criteria for food addiction. Women with food addiction were 6 U of BMI heavier than women without food addiction. Severe physical and severe sexual abuse were associated with roughly 90% increases in food addiction risk (physical abuse RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.76, 2.09; sexual abuse RR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.69, 2.05). The RR for combined severe physical abuse and sexual abuse was 2.40 (95% CI: 2.16, 2.67).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A history of child abuse is strongly associated with food addiction in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T07:26:44Z","timestamp":1367479604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Abuse victimization in childhood or adolescence and risk of food addiction in adult women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison E.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Bryn","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Society Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet W.","family":"Rich\u2010Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey","author":"Tjaden P","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report","author":"Black MC","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91163-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3058"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.095109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.076877"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1246617"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934666100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0037"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"R595","article-title":"Effect of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid replacement on development of obesity","volume":"250","author":"Freedman MR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1996.271.2.E317"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2005.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007740107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.301.3.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2519"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2012.01031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013600"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2011.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2008.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","volume-title":"Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families","author":"Straus MA","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","volume-title":"Disciplining children in America: a gallup poll report","author":"Moore DW","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","unstructured":"FlintAJ GearhardtAN CorbinWR et al.A food addiction scale measurement in two cohorts of middle\u2010aged and older women. 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