{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:45:48Z","timestamp":1783471548189,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute on Aging","award":["R01s AG018386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01s AG018386"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute on Aging","award":["AG022381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG022381"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute on Aging","award":["AG022982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG022982"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute on Aging","award":["R01 AG018384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG018384"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute on Aging","award":["R03 AG 046413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03 AG 046413"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute on Aging","award":["K08 AG047903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 AG047903"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic syndrome, a clustering of risk factors including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension, increases risk for cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. The etiology of the risk factors' cohesion remains unclear. How genetic and environmental influences explained co\u2010occurrence of metabolic syndrome components was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Continuous measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), fasting insulin and glucose, high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides from 1,193 middle\u2010aged twin men participating in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging at average age 62 (range 56\u201067) were analyzed using multivariate biometrical modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four heritable factors were found: adiposity (BMI, waist circumference), insulin resistance (glucose, insulin), lipids (HDL, triglycerides), and BP (systolic, diastolic). Heritabilities were 0.42\u20100.68. In the best\u2010fitting model, insulin resistance, lipids, and adiposity comprised a higher\u2010order latent genetic factor. Adiposity and BP shared genetic influences independent of the latent genetic factor. All factors aggregated on a latent unique environmental factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic syndrome components form the equivalent of two genetic factors. BP was genetically unrelated to insulin resistance and lipids. Adiposity was the only characteristic genetically and environmentally related to all other factors. These results inform strategies for gene discovery and prediction of health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T13:37:17Z","timestamp":1446471437000},"page":"2499-2507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A new look at the genetic and environmental coherence of metabolic syndrome components"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Panizzon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Hauger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San 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