{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:10:09Z","timestamp":1761235809785},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]],"date-time":"2016-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RNL\u2010132870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RNL\u2010132870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010fat diet (HFD) is known to induce low\u2010grade hypothalamic inflammation. Whether inflammation occurs in other brain areas remains unknown. This study tested the effect of short\u2010term HFD on cytokine gene expression and identified leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a responsive cytokine in the brain stem. Thus, functional and cellular effects of LIF in the brain stem were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male rats were fed chow or HFD for 3 days, and then gene expression was analyzed in different brain regions for IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and LIF. The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of LIF on chow intake and body weight was also tested. Patch clamp recording was performed in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HFD increased pontine TNF\u2010\u03b1 mRNA while downregulating LIF in all major parts of the brain stem, but not in the hypothalamus or hippocampus. LIF injection into the cerebral aqueduct suppressed food intake without conditioned taste aversion, suggesting that LIF can induce anorexia via lower brain regions without causing malaise. In the NTS, a key brain stem nucleus for food intake regulation, LIF induced acute changes in neuronal excitability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HFD\u2010induced downregulation of anorexic LIF in the brain stem may provide a permissive condition for HFD overconsumption. This may be at least partially mediated by the NTS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]],"date-time":"2016-09-24T06:53:43Z","timestamp":1474700023000},"page":"2361-2367","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High\u2010fat diet\u2010induced downregulation of anorexic leukemia inhibitory factor in the brain stem"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Licursi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Memorial University St. John's Newfoundland Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian O.","family":"Alberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Memorial University St. John's Newfoundland 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