{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:55:33Z","timestamp":1790510133668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["617\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["617\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between circulating levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The serum levels of the main eCBs, anandamide (AEA) and 2\u2010arachidonoylglycerol (2\u2010AG), and their endogenous precursor and breakdown product, arachidonic acid (AA), were analyzed by liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry in 105 volunteers screened for NAFLD. Hepatic ultrasound, fasting blood tests, and anthropometrics were assessed. Liver fat was quantified by the hepato\u2010renal\u2010ultrasound index representing the ratio between the brightness level of the liver and the kidney.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with NAFLD had higher levels (pmol\/mL) of AA (2,721\u2009\u00b1\u20091,112 vs. 2,248\u2009\u00b1\u2009977, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.022) and 2\u2010AG (46.5\u2009\u00b1\u200925.8 vs. 33.5\u2009\u00b1\u200913.6, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.003), but not AEA. The trend for higher levels of AA and 2\u2010AG in the presence of NAFLD was observed in both genders and within subgroups of overweight and obesity. The association of AA and 2\u2010AG with NAFLD was maintained with adjustment for age, gender, and BMI (OR <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 1.001, 1.000\u20131.001 95% CI, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.008 and OR <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 1.05, 1.01\u20131.09, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.006, respectively) or waist circumference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to show high circulating levels of 2\u2010AG and AA in NAFLD patients compared with controls, independent of obesity. The findings may suggest an independent role of eCBs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T18:14:52Z","timestamp":1479320092000},"page":"94-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Serum levels of endocannabinoids are independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shira","family":"Zelber\u2010Sagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Unit Tel\u2010Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of Haifa Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahar","family":"Azar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug 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