{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T19:52:17Z","timestamp":1772135537049,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HL\u2010098445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HL\u2010098445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1ZIAAG007480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1ZIAAG007480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess associations between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and measures of brain health in a population\u2010based sample of adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants from the CARDIA study (Y25 exam; age 43\u201055 years) with concurrent computed tomography quantification of liver fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and brain magnetic resonance (MR) images were included (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009505). NAFLD was identified after exclusion of other causes of liver fat. Total tissue volume (TTV) and gray matter cerebral blood flow (GM\u2010CBF) were estimated using 3T brain MR images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>NAFLD prevalence was 18%. NAFLD was associated with lower TTV and GM\u2010CBF after adjusting for intracranial volume, demographics, and health behaviors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.04 for all). In models with additional adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, the association of NAFLD with GM\u2010CBF remained significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) but was attenuated after adjustment for VAT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06) and eliminated with BMI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.20). NAFLD was not associated with TTV after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors <jats:italic>(P =<\/jats:italic> 0.10) or additional adjustment for VAT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.14) or BMI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NAFLD is negatively associated with early brain health as assessed by MR measures of structure (TTV) and perfusion (GM\u2010CBF). BMI and VAT attenuated this relationship, providing insight into the potential metabolic role of liver fat in brain health and disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T12:56:53Z","timestamp":1486472213000},"page":"642-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and measures of early brain health in middle\u2010aged adults: The CARDIA study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-2573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa B.","family":"VanWagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine\u2010Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology and Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa S.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3609-2595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy C.","family":"Alman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakmook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine H.","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management Kennesaw State University Kennesaw Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Shay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Metrics and Evaluation, American Heart Association Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine University of Alabama Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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