{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:42:52Z","timestamp":1787168572220,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD080444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD080444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this study was to examine the associations of maternal weight status before, during, and after pregnancy with breast milk C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL\u20106), two bioactive markers of inflammation, measured at 1 and 3 months post partum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 134 exclusively breastfeeding mother\u2010infant dyads taking part in the Mothers and Infants Linked for Health (MILK) study, who provided breast milk samples. Pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were assessed by chart abstraction; postpartum weight loss was measured at the 1\u2010 and 3\u2010month study visits. Linear regression was used to examine the associations of maternal weight status with repeated measures of breast milk CRP and IL\u20106 at 1 and 3 months, after adjustment for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre\u2010pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG, but not total GWG or postpartum weight loss, were independently associated with breast milk CRP after adjustment (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.49,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001 and \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.51,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.011, respectively). No associations were observed for IL\u20106.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High pre\u2010pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG are associated with elevated levels of breast milk CRP. The consequences of infants receiving varying concentrations of breast milk inflammatory markers are unknown; however, it is speculated that there are implications for the intergenerational transmission of disease risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T09:42:35Z","timestamp":1507282955000},"page":"2092-2099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Associations of Maternal Weight Status Before, During, and After Pregnancy with Inflammatory Markers in Breast Milk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2343-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara M.","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina C.","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob L.","family":"Haapala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma 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