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The OB and HV groups showed totally different gut microbiota composition. In the OB group, beneficial microbiotas including <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> (0.01% vs. 0.05%, false discovery rate [FDR]\u2009=\u20094.27*10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>), anti\u2010inflammatory <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic> (6.70% vs. 13.82%, FDR\u2009=\u20090.010), and butyrate\u2010producing <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic> were significantly decreased, whereas <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> (0.58% vs. 0.04%, FDR\u2009=\u20090.013) and potential opportunistic pathogens such as <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic> (1.44% vs. 0.11%, FDR\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and <jats:italic>Escherichia\u2010Shigella<\/jats:italic> (6.01% vs. 0.76%, FDR\u2009=\u20090.041) had outgrown dramatically. Function prediction revealed a significant increase in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins and bacterial invasion of epithelial cell\u2013associated genes and a significant decrease in glucose and essential amino acid\u2010related genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gut microbiotas and their functions were significantly changed in obesity. More prospective studies on association and causality between microbiota and obesity are imperative and might contribute to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T06:24:40Z","timestamp":1514355880000},"page":"351-361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":219,"title":["Dysbiosis Signatures of Gut Microbiota Along the Sequence from Healthy, Young Patients to Those with Overweight and Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Renyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute for Intestinal Diseases, School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai 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