{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:08:31Z","timestamp":1787620111560,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000901","name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008664","name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007698","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010174","name":"University of Colorado","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010174","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to determine the relationship between different forms of, and potential pathways between, maternal diabetes and childhood obesity at different ages.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Prospective cohort data from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, which was composed of 5,324 children examined from 0.25 to 6 years of age, were analyzed. Cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal analyses taking into account potential confounders and effect modifiers such as maternal prepregnancy BMI and birth weight <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> scores were performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) showed a higher BMI standard deviation score and increased risk for overweight and obesity at 5.5 years of age than offspring of mothers without diabetes. While these associations could be substantially explained by maternal prepregnancy BMI in offspring of mothers with GDM, significant associations disappeared after adjustment for birth weight <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> scores in offspring of T1DM mothers. Furthermore, overweight risk became stronger with increasing age in offspring of mothers with diabetes compared with offspring of mothers without diabetes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Maternal diabetes is associated with increased risk of offspring overweight, and the association appears to get stronger as children grow older. Indeed, intrauterine exposure to maternal T1DM may predispose children to later obesity through increased birth weight, while maternal BMI is more important in children exposed to GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T06:26:57Z","timestamp":1537252017000},"page":"1457-1466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Associations of Maternal Diabetes During Pregnancy with Overweight in Offspring: Results from the Prospective TEDDY Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4006-8387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anitha","family":"Pitchika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmhtoltz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"},{"name":"Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"},{"name":"Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V, Helmhtoltz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Vehik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmhtoltz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"},{"name":"Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"},{"name":"Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V, Helmhtoltz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla M.","family":"Uusitalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvi M.","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences\/Health Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Center for Child Health Research University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"},{"name":"The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Koletzko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. v. 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