{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:06:55Z","timestamp":1759032415095,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity and depression are prevalent and often co\u2010occurring conditions in the United States. The Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight (RAINBOW) randomized trial demonstrated the effectiveness of an integrated intervention for adults with both conditions. Characterizing the intervention\u2019s economic effects is important for broader dissemination and implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated the cost (2018 US dollars) and health\u2010related quality of life\u00a0(HRQoL) impacts during RAINBOW\u2019s first year, comparing intervention (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009204) and usual\u2010care groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009205). Outcomes included intervention delivery costs, differential changes in antidepressant medication spending compared with the pretrial year, differential changes in medical services spending compared with the pretrial year, and HRQoL changes from baseline using Euroqol\u20105D US utility weights.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>RAINBOW\u2019s 1\u2010year delivery cost per person was $2,251. Compared with usual care, annual antidepressant medication days increased more (38 days [95% CI: 4 to 72]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027). Annual antidepressant medication spending had a larger, nonsignificant increase ($89 [95% CI: \u2212$20 to $197]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.109). Annual spending on medical care services had a smaller, nonsignificant decrease (\u2212$54 [95% CI: \u2212$832 to $941]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.905). HRQoL had a nonsignificant increase (0.011 [95% CI: \u22120.025 to 0.047]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.546).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The RAINBOW intervention\u2019s economic value will depend on how its 1\u2010year improvements in obesity and depression translate into long\u2010term reduced morbidity, delayed mortality, or averted costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T20:59:43Z","timestamp":1587589183000},"page":"1031-1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["First\u2010Year Economic and Quality of Life Effects of the RAINBOW Intervention to Treat Comorbid Obesity and Depression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4007-5192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Goldhaber\u2010Fiebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Health Policy Group Centers for Health Policy and Primary Care and Outcomes Research Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Health Policy Group Centers for Health Policy and Primary Care and Outcomes Research Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research and Policy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa G.","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Division of Primary Care and Population Health Department of Medicine School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4124-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Venditti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Communications Science RTI International Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Snowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Academic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"HalesCM CarrollMD FryarCD OgdenCL.Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States 2015\u20102016. 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