{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:27:02Z","timestamp":1786595222409,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSR&D grant COVID19\u20108900\u201011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSR&D grant COVID19\u20108900\u201011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to examine the associations of BMI with testing positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) and risk of adverse outcomes in a cohort of Veterans Affairs enrollees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjusted relative risks\/hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for the associations between BMI category (underweight, normal weight, overweight, class 1 obesity, class 2 obesity, and class 3 obesity) and testing positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 or experiencing hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and death among those testing positive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher BMI categories were associated with higher risk of a positive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 test compared with the normal weight category (class 3 obesity adjusted relative risk: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.28\u20101.42). Among 25,952 patients who tested positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, class 3 obesity was associated with higher risk of mechanical ventilation (adjusted HR [aHR]: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.35\u20102.32) and mortality (aHR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12\u20101.78) compared with normal weight individuals. These associations were present primarily in patients younger than 65 and were attenuated or absent in older age groups (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Veterans Affairs enrollees with higher BMI were more likely to test positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and were more likely to be mechanically ventilated or die if infected with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Higher BMI contributed relatively more to the risk of death in those younger than 65 years of age as compared with other age categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T11:57:50Z","timestamp":1608292670000},"page":"900-908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["BMI and Outcomes of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Among US Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9185-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"McKenna C.","family":"Eastment","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Office of Research and Development Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Locke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Office of Research and Development Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Office of Research and Development Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"O\u2019Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Crothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Dominitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent S.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javeed A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George N.","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-3214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05983-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0576"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-3742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.06.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Body mass index\u2010BMI. Accessed September 10 2020.https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health\u2010topics\/disease\u2010prevention\/nutrition\/a\u2010healthy\u2010lifestyle\/body\u2010mass\u2010index\u2010bmi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development.VA COVID\u201019 shared data resource. Accessed August 12 2020.https:\/\/vhacdwdwhweb100.vha.med.va.gov\/phenotype\/index.php\/COVID\u201019:Shared_Data_Resource"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Worldometer.Worldometer: Coronavirus. Updated December 30 2020. 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