{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T18:43:07Z","timestamp":1785868987375,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK048489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK048489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK017047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK017047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK103945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK103945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated associations of adiposity and adiposity\u2010related biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among parous women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) who reported a previous live birth, circulating biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone\u2010binding globulin, and alanine aminotransferase;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 1,711) were measured at enrollment (average: 12 years post partum). Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the L2\u2010L3 region and the L3\u2010L4 region were quantified by computed tomography (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 477). Overall and stratified (by history of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were fit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alanine aminotransferase, L2\u2010L3 VAT, and L3\u2010L4 VAT were positively associated (hazard ratio [HR] for 1\u2010SD increases: 1.073,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.024; 1.251,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.009; 1.272,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.004, respectively), and adiponectin concentration was inversely associated with T2D (HR 0.762,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). Whereas leptin concentration was not associated with T2D overall, in GDM\u2010stratified models, a 1\u2010SD higher leptin was positively associated with risk of T2D in women without GDM (HR: 1.126,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.016) and inversely in women with a history of GDM (HR: 0.776,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.013, interaction<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= 0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among parous women, alanine aminotransferase and VAT are positively associated with incident T2D, whereas adiponectin is inversely associated. Leptin is associated with higher risk of T2D in women with a history of GDM but a lower risk in women without a history of GDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T05:28:56Z","timestamp":1637299736000},"page":"221-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adiposity, related biomarkers, and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3671-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pandora L.","family":"Wander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costas 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Dabelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics Colorado School of Public Health Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald B.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9237-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Pi\u2010Sunyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Knowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix Arizona 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