{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T14:57:37Z","timestamp":1770562657075,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine whether the hormone changes following weight loss are proportional to the degree of weight loss and to starting BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A very low\u2010energy diet was used to achieve 15% weight loss. Fasting and postprandial gut hormones and leptin were measured during a meal test at baseline and at 5% (1%), 10% (2%), and 15% (2.5%) weight loss. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were used to analyze hormone changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From baseline to 5% weight loss, decreases were seen in fasting concentrations of leptin (\u22128.25 ng\/mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), amylin (\u221221.3 pg\/mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 (\u221259.55 pg\/mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). There was a small further reduction in leptin between 5% and 15% weight loss (\u22121.88 ng\/mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.019) but not in glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 and amylin. Fasting ghrelin showed a significant increase at 10% weight loss (41.64 pg\/mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), with a nonsignificant increase from 10% to 15% loss (26.03 pg\/mL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.065). Postprandial changes in hormone levels were variable. There was no correlation between baseline weight and the degree of hormone changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of changes in fasting gut hormones and leptin occurred in early weight loss, with minor further changes up to 15% weight loss. Starting weight did not affect the degree of hormone change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T07:57:46Z","timestamp":1646639866000},"page":"911-919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of starting BMI and degree of weight loss on changes in appetite\u2010regulating hormones during diet\u2010induced weight loss"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8169-5187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira\u2010Ann L.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Austin Health) University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9122-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke 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