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IR was assessed with serum glucose and insulin. Four groups were defined using puberty\u2010specific cut\u00a0points: no IR over the follow\u2010up period, transition from normal to IR, transition from IR to normal, and IR at both time\u00a0points. Baseline sleep assessments were measured with 7\u2010day wrist actigraphy. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between sleep duration and timing with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance categories, adjusting for age, sex, and baseline pubertal status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescents who were \u2265\u20091\u00a0hour below the sleep duration recommendations\u2010for\u2010age were 2.74 times more likely to develop IR (95% CI: 1.0\u20107.4). Similarly, adolescents who were in the latest category of sleep midpoint (&gt;4:33\u2009a.m.) were more likely than those with earliest midpoints (1 a.m.\u20133\u00a0a.m.) to develop IR (odds\u00a0ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.63, 95% CI: 1.0\u20106.7). Changes in adiposity over follow\u2010up did not mediate sleep and IR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insufficient sleep duration and late sleep timing were associated with development of IR over a 2\u2010year period in late adolescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T13:00:39Z","timestamp":1677502839000},"page":"912-922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sleep duration and timing are prospectively linked with insulin resistance during late adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3364-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica C.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen J.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald D.","family":"Chervin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana C.","family":"Dolinoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha M.","family":"T\u00e9llez\u2010Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public Health  Cuernavaca Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Cantoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Iberoamerican University  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libni","family":"Olascoaga\u2010Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public Health  Cuernavaca Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galit Levi","family":"Dunietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise M.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Study.GBD Results.2019.https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-results\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21149\/10752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Secretar\u00eda de Salud.Emite la Secretar\u00eda de Salud emergencia epidemiol\u00f3gica por diabetes mellitus y obesidad. 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