{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:54Z","timestamp":1786978314173,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000769","name":"University of Oxford","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver fat associates with obesity\u2010related metabolic disturbances and may precede incident diseases. Metabolomic profiles of liver fat in the UK Biobank were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regression models assessed the associations between 180 metabolites and proton density liver fat fraction (PDFF) measured 5\u2009years later through magnetic resonance imaging, as the difference (in SD units) of each log metabolite measure with 1\u2010SD\u00a0higher PDFF among those without chronic disease and not taking statins, and by diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After accounting for confounders, multiple metabolites were associated positively with liver fat (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 for 152 traits), particularly extremely large and very large lipoprotein particle concentrations, very low\u2010density lipoprotein triglycerides, small high\u2010density lipoprotein particles, glycoprotein acetyls, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, and amino acids. Extremely large and large high\u2010density lipoprotein concentrations had strong inverse associations with liver fat. Associations were broadly comparable among those with versus without vascular metabolic conditions, although negative, rather than positive, associations\u00a0were observed between intermediate\u2010density and large low\u2010density lipoprotein particles among those with BMI\u00a0\u226525\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. Metabolite principal components showed a 15% significant improvement in risk prediction for PDFF relative to BMI, which was twice as great (but nonsignificant) compared with conventional high\u2010density\u00a0lipoprotein\u00a0cholesterol and triglycerides.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hazardous metabolomic profiles are associated with ectopic hepatic fat and are relevant to risk of vascular\u2010metabolic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T22:49:15Z","timestamp":1678056555000},"page":"1121-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Metabolic profiling of\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010measured liver fat in the\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0641-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"Gnatiuc Friedrichs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Trichia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Aguilar\u2010Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Preiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05487"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28899"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"NMR metabolomics Appendix 3: correlation between biomarker values for enrolment and repeat visits. 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