{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:09:47Z","timestamp":1758636587902,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201800003I","HHSN268201800004I","HHSN268201800005I","HHSN268201800006I","HHSN268201800007I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800003I","HHSN268201800004I","HHSN268201800005I","HHSN268201800006I","HHSN268201800007I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to quantify the contributions of socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, reproductive, and neighborhood exposures in young adulthood to Black\u2010White differences in incident obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 4488 Black or White adults aged 18 to 30\u2009years without obesity at baseline (1985\u20101986) were followed over 30\u2009years. Sex\u2010specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate Black\u2010White differences in incident obesity. Models were adjusted for baseline and time\u2010updated indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During follow\u2010up, 1777 participants developed obesity. Black women were 1.87 (95% CI: 1.63\u20102.13) times more likely and Black men were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.32\u20101.77) times more likely to develop obesity than their White counterparts after adjusting for age, field center, and baseline BMI. Baseline exposures explained 43% of this difference in women and 52% in men. Time\u2010updated exposures explained more of the racial difference\u00a0in women but less for men, compared with baseline exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjusting for these exposures accounted for a substantial but incomplete proportion of racial disparities in incident obesity. Remaining differences may be explained by incomplete capture of the most salient aspects of these exposures or potential variation in the impact of these exposures on obesity by race.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T05:05:46Z","timestamp":1681275946000},"page":"1402-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Contribution of social, behavioral, and contextual exposures to <scp>Black\u2010White<\/scp> disparities in incident obesity: The <scp>CARDIA<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Keck Medicine Family Residency Program  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3694-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Bancks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kara M.","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts &amp; Sciences University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandy","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April P.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gareth R.","family":"Dutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David C.","family":"Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5322-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penny","family":"Gordon\u2010Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depatrment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2039-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica P.","family":"Gunderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Systems Science Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine  Pasadena California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarina I.","family":"Kiefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Medical School  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Lloyd\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Shikany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0063-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiarri N.","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892\u2010015\u20100666\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19546"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Kurian AK","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm2801_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2011.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"SchillerJS LucasJW WardBW PeregoyJA.Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey 2010. Vital and Health Statistics series 10 no. 252. National Center for Health Statistics;2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)30386-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-017-0422-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801456"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22648"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2013.0090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2009.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21573"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.4.635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.172809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932012000429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.10.1370"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-198911000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"A study of the reliability and comparative validity of the cardia dietary history","volume":"4","author":"Liu K","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)01299-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.157222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.08.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2017.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.076547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199710000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp104"}],"container-title":["Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/oby.23698","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T09:04:29Z","timestamp":1707296669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/oby.23698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/oby.23698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.23698","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1930-7381","1930-739X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1930-7381"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1930-739X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}