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11\/12\u2009years). EF and cognition were assessed across several domains (e.g., impulsivity, inhibitory control, processing speed, memory); BMI was calculated from height and weight. Nested random\u2010effects mixed models examined (A) BMI\u2009~\u2009EF\u2009\u00d7\u2009Time (i.e., variation in EF\/cognition precedes weight gain) and (B) EF\u2009~\u2009BMI\u2009\u00d7\u2009Time (weight gain causes changes to EF\/cognition) and controlled for sex, puberty, and caregiver education; random effects were site and subject.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variation in impulsivity, memory, learning, and processing speed was associated with greater increases in BMI trajectories from 9 to 12\u2009years old. Weight gain was associated with a decrease in inhibitory control, but no other associations were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Underlying variation in EF and cognition may be important for weight gain, but 2\u2009years of weight gain may not be enough to have clinical implications for EF and cognition beyond inhibitory control. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the inclusion of EF programs in obesity prevention efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T05:02:45Z","timestamp":1695272565000},"page":"2809-2821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Variation in executive function relates to<scp>BMI<\/scp>increases in youth who were initially of a healthy weight in the<scp>ABCD<\/scp>Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7225-7724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shana","family":"Adise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California 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