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Summary\u2010level data for gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank, the FinnGen study, and large consortia of European ancestry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetically predicted higher levels of birth weight were associated with a lower risk of gastroesophageal reflux. Genetically predicted higher childhood BMI was associated with an increased risk of duodenal ulcer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cholelithiasis. However, the associations did not persist after adjusting for genetically predicted adulthood BMI. Genetically predicted higher adulthood BMI and waist\u2010hip ratio were associated with 19 and 17 gastrointestinal diseases, respectively. Genetically predicted greater visceral adiposity was associated with an increased risk of 17 gastrointestinal diseases. There were no strong associations among genetically predicted whole\u2010body fat and fat\u2010free mass indices with gastrointestinal diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that greater adulthood adiposity, measured as either BMI, waist\u2010hip ratio, or visceral adipose tissue, is causally associated with an increased risk of a broad range of gastrointestinal diseases in the European population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T08:39:25Z","timestamp":1693816765000},"page":"2603-2614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Birth weight, childhood obesity, adulthood obesity and body composition, and gastrointestinal diseases: a Mendelian randomization 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