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Signal detection analysis was used to identify which combinations of 51 pretreatment demographic, clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, along with diet type (healthy low\u2010fat vs. healthy low\u2010carbohydrate), formed subgroups that varied in\u00a0proportion of those achieving at least 5% weight loss at 12\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 51% of participants achieved at least 5% weight loss at 12\u2009months, with eight subgroups identified through signal detection. Diet type was not a key factor. Among racial and ethnic minority participants, the best predictors of weight loss were lower levels of emotional eating, less friend discouragement, and presence of metabolic syndrome. Among non\u2010Hispanic White participants, the best predictors were high confidence in participating fully in the intervention, more family encouragement, and lower outcome expectations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that psychosocial and clinical factors, along with race and ethnicity, successfully differentiated subgroups that varied in their 12\u2010month weight loss. Given the heterogeneity in response to behavioral obesity treatment, these results can help generate hypotheses to move intervention science toward a precision medicine approach by matching individuals to their most suitable obesity treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T05:43:31Z","timestamp":1739511811000},"page":"463-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pretreatment predictors of weight loss in a 12\u2010month behavioral obesity treatment: a signal detection analysis of <scp>DIETFITS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5307-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele L.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2285-7702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Joe C. Wen School of Population &amp; Public Health University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8187-3492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid N.","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1085-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Fielding\u2010Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sandberg Goldberg Bernthal Family Foundation  Menlo Park California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7949-8811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abby C.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7596-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000517"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Fryar CD Carroll MD Afful J.Prevalence of overweight obesity and severe obesity among adults aged 20 and over: United States 1960\u20101962 through 2017\u20102018. 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