{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:47:38Z","timestamp":1787582858694,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HL141881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL141881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine whether (1) sleep architecture is associated with BMI groups in the absence of sleep apnea and (2) BMI group modified associations between sleep architecture and markers of glucose metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Baependi Heart Study (BHS) is a family\u2010based observational study of adults that assessed sleep using at\u2010home polysomnography (PSG) and collected anthropometric and fasting blood measures. BMI was classified into: 18.5 to &lt;\u200925, 25 to &lt;\u200930, and \u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. People with moderate\u2013severe sleep apnea and taking diabetes\u2010related medication were excluded. Cross\u2010sectional associations were examined (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091014).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with BMI \u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> had less REM sleep (\u22127.8\u2009min, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and the groups with BMI 25 to &lt;\u200930\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and \u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> had higher apnea\u2010hypopnea index than individuals with BMI 18.5 to &lt;\u200925\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (by 0.8 and 1.4 events per hour, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009=0.002). Wake after sleep onset (WASO) was associated with higher fasting glucose levels in participants with BMI \u2265\u200930\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> only; 10\u2009min more WASO was associated with ~1% higher fasting glucose (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>After exclusion of participants with moderate\u2013severe sleep apnea, there was no difference in non\u2010REM sleep and only a small difference in REM sleep between BMI groups, suggesting that BMI does not substantially impair sleep unless sleep apnea is present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T04:29:54Z","timestamp":1753936194000},"page":"1849-1854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["BMI, Sleep Architecture, and Glucose Metabolism: Insights From the Baependi Heart Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Carolina Mendes","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2mara P.","family":"Taporoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Beijamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Fronteira Sul  Realeza Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaina J.","family":"Alexandria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose E.","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Incor University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9911-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm","family":"von Schantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre C.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Incor University of S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medicine  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2751-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Knutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1816152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.013904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.5.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications (Version 2.5)","author":"Berry R. 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