{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T07:13:23Z","timestamp":1775114003053,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81701376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>VAT volume is a critical determinant of cardiometabolic risk, yet population\u2010specific thresholds and accessible predictive tools remain undefined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, we analyzed dual\u2010energy x\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA)\u2010derived VAT volume. Threshold effects and sex\/ethnicity interactions were evaluated via multivariable regression, while LASSO regularization and ROC analyses identified a simplified predictive model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A VAT volume threshold of 327.0\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> stratified CVD risk, distinguishing compensatory from pathological adiposity. The high\u2010VAT group exhibited elevated CVD prevalence (2.41% vs. 1.12%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016), metabolic dysregulation, and socioeconomic disparities. Males showed higher risk thresholds than females (387.5 vs. 312.0\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010interaction\u2009=\u20090.029). Non\u2010Hispanic White participants and multiracial groups exhibited abrupt risk escalation above 399.5 and 270.0\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (aOR\u2009=\u20091.08\u20131.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), absent in non\u2010Hispanic Black individuals and Hispanic individuals. A tri\u2010biomarker model (waist circumference\u2009+\u2009triglycerides\u2009+\u2009apolipoprotein B) achieved near\u2010equivalent accuracy to DXA\u2010based VAT quantification (AUC\u2009=\u20090.821 vs. 0.819, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.66), with high sensitivity (80.95% vs. 69.05%) and cost\u2010effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study establishes the first sex\u2010specific and ethnicity\u2010specific VAT thresholds for CVD risk stratification and provides a clinically actionable tool for visceral adiposity screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T02:39:42Z","timestamp":1755571182000},"page":"2005-2013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Visceral Adiposity Thresholds for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification: A Simplified Biomarker\u2010Driven Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0463-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tangmeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District Wuhan City and Union Dongxihu Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanxu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peien","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford 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