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We assessed midlife (mean age: 51.2\u2009years) adiposity using BMI and dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures. We used multivariable\u2010adjusted linear and multinomial logistic regression models to analyze individual exposures and Bayesian kernel machine regression to examine exposure mixtures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher arsenic, cesium, and mercury levels were associated with lower midlife DXA percentage fat, total fat mass index, and\/or trunk fat mass index, even after adjustments for diet in pregnancy. We observed an antagonistic interaction between folate and arsenic: arsenic was associated with higher obesity risk at lower folate levels but lower obesity risk at higher folate levels. The essential metal mixture tended to be associated with lower midlife BMI and obesity risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher pregnancy levels of arsenic, cesium, mercury, and the mixture of essential metals were associated with lower midlife adiposity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T03:40:45Z","timestamp":1756266045000},"page":"1984-1994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations of Metal Mixtures During Early Pregnancy With Midlife Obesity and Body Composition: A\u00a0Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3628-0983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9239-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izzuddin M.","family":"Aris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2284-3298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0033-920X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheryl L.","family":"Rifas\u2010Shiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3564-4255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pi\u2010I Debby","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long H.","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. 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