{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T05:30:38Z","timestamp":1762061438759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify key childhood obesity correlates in Southern California by analyzing individual components from four social determinants of health (SDoH) indices and explore their interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized publicly available data from 330 cities across 10 counties, incorporating childhood obesity rates from the 2019 California Department of Education Physical Fitness Test (684,419 children, 40% Latino). Fifty\u2010two individual SDoH were obtained from the Healthy Places Index, Social Vulnerability Index, CalEnviroScreen, and Child Opportunity Index (2015\u20132019). Weighted quantile sum regression and an interpretable machine\u2010learning tool were used to identify which individual SDoH were significantly associated with childhood obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified a SDoH mixture associated with increased percentile of childhood obesity (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      [95% CI]: 10.1 [8.1, 12.1]). Fourteen factors significantly contributed, with the top six being school poverty, minority status, asthma emergency room visits, public assistance rates, hazardous waste sites, and lead exposure from housing. We also found positive associations between Latino percentage and key correlates. Cities with high school poverty and low\u2010income housing burdens had higher obesity rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis moved beyond composite indices to examine specific SDoH observed alongside childhood obesity in Southern California, drawing attention to dimensions related to school, healthcare, social services, and environmental exposures.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/oby70021-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T11:54:21Z","timestamp":1757418861000},"page":"2170-2180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social and Environmental Correlates of Childhood Obesity Among Southern California Communities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2666-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Descarpentrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph C.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Midya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2910-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatan","family":"Ottino\u2010Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7225-7724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shana","family":"Adise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Alderete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael I.","family":"Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.12.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71146-6"},{"volume-title":"A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health","year":"2010","author":"Solar O.","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Hinnant S.Hairgrove H.Kane J.Williams andJ. 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