{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:03:59Z","timestamp":1791299039222,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Since the onset of the COVID\u201019 pandemic, obesity has been consistently associated with worse clinical outcomes. In 2020, we hypothesized that adipose tissue (AT) might serve as a viral reservoir and amplifier of immune responses in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. Five years on, accumulating evidence supports this hypothesis. Recent autopsy and in\u00a0vitro studies support that SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 disseminates to and may replicate within human adipocytes. While several studies have detected SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 RNA and proteins in AT, the recovery of infectious virus from this tissue has not yet been demonstrated. This remains a critical gap in our understanding of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 viral tropism and replication within adipocytes. Viral entry is mediated via angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme\u20102 and neuropilin\u20101 receptors. Infected AT exhibits immune cell infiltration and cytokine activation, implicating it in systemic inflammation. Persistent viral RNA in AT correlates with prolonged metabolic dysfunction. These findings highlight the dual role of AT as a potential viral reservoir and immunometabolic organ. Understanding these mechanisms is critical to mitigating the long\u2010term impact of COVID\u201019 and guiding responses to future pandemics involving metabolically active tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/oby70093-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.70093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T04:45:55Z","timestamp":1764045955000},"page":"519-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adipose Tissue in\n                    <scp>SARS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 Viral Tropism, Viral Replication, and the Concept of a Viral Reservoir: An Update"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9937-5838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam Charles","family":"Maher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Cork University Hospital  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel M.","family":"Caplice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Cork University Hospital  Cork Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork, Cork University Hospital  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWHO COVID\u201019\u00a0Dashboard \u201daccessed May 28 2025 https:\/\/data.who.int\/dashboards\/covid19\/cases?n=o."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22843"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03503-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33218-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01742-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-021-00523-8"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"833","article-title":"Expression of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptors, ACE2 and CD209L in Different Organ Derived Microvascular Endothelial Cells","volume":"87","author":"Li J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/1184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2021.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111400119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00418-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00011-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072175","article-title":"Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for the Treatment of Covid\u201019: Pragmatic, Adaptive, Multicentre, Phase 3, Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"379","author":"Jardine M. 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