{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:07:16Z","timestamp":1791947236394,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH KL2TR001444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH KL2TR001444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DK118278\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DK118278\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK139356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK139356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01DK124422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01DK124422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL159760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL159760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01DK118278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01DK118278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examine time\u2010restricted eating (TRE) as a strategy to promote weight loss and cardiometabolic health in adults with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TRE in obesity and ADipose Tissue (TREAD) was a single\u2010center 12\u2010week RCT, involving 1:1 randomization to 10\u2010h TRE versus standard of care (SOC) in adults with obesity (BMI 30\u201350\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) without diabetes and baseline eating window \u2265\u200914\u2009h\/day. The primary endpoint was change in weight (kg). Exploratory RNA\u2010seq in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was performed in a subgroup of participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 61 participants were randomized, and 52 (26 TRE, 26 SOC) completed the study. Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD age was 55\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935 were (58%) women,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935 were non\u2010Hispanic White (58%), and BMI was 35.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . With TRE, the mean total reduction in weight from baseline to end of study was \u22124.59\u2009kg (95% CI \u22125.51, \u22123.67)\u00a0(\u22124.6%) versus \u22121.68\u2009kg (95% CI \u22122.59, \u22120.77) (\u22121.7%) with SOC (between\u2010group difference \u22122.91\u2009kg [\u22124.21, \u22121.60]) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), primarily through loss of body fat. Downregulation of proinflammatory genes was observed in adipose tissue during TRE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adults with obesity, compared with SOC dietary counseling alone, TRE promotes weight loss, healthier body composition, and, in exploratory analyses, reduction in adipose tissue proinflammatory gene expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04916730<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.70228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:50:36Z","timestamp":1780444236000},"page":"1395-1408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Time\u2010Restricted Eating Promotes Weight Loss and Favorable Changes in Adipose in Obesity: The\n                    <scp>TREAD<\/scp>\n                    Randomized Control Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Cardiovascular Institute, University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Cardiovascular Institute, University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawye","family":"Raygani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Cardiovascular Institute, University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily N. C.","family":"Manoogian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla","family":"Laing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khang","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics University of California San Diego  San Diego 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