{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:21:03Z","timestamp":1787757663391,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17SFRN33590069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17SFRN33590069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DK144349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DK144349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK126825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK126825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK139324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK139324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time\u2010restricted eating (TRE) has gained attention for weight loss and cardiometabolic health improvement. The Time\u2010Restricted Intake of Meals (TRIM) study was a 12\u2010week randomized isocaloric and eucaloric feeding trial comparing 10\u2010h TRE to a 16\u2010h usual eating pattern (UEP) in adults with obesity and either prediabetes or diet\u2010controlled type 2 diabetes. This post hoc analysis investigates TRE's effects on eating behavior, appetite hormones, and inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants completed the Three\u2010Factor Eating Questionnaire (Restraint, Disinhibition, Hunger) and provided fasting blood samples for leptin, adiponectin, CRP, cortisol, and sRAGE at pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention. Ghrelin was measured during a 75\u2009g OGTT. Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests were used for within\u2010 and between\u2010group differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010nine participants (19 TRE; 20 UEP) were analyzed, with a mean (SD) age of 60 (7) years and BMI of 35.2 (6.0) kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Weight loss was similar across groups (2.7% TRE; 2.5% UEP). Both arms increased restraint and decreased disinhibition and hunger. No statistically significant between\u2010group differences were observed in eating behavior, appetite hormones, and inflammatory markers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both 10\u2010h TRE and 16\u2010h UEP promoted improvements in eating behavior in the context of modest and equivalent weight loss. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm whether clinically meaningful differences exist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      NCT03527368\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.70270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:14:59Z","timestamp":1785201299000},"page":"1732-1741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Time\u2010Restricted Eating on Appetite and Inflammation in Adults With Obesity and Prediabetes: A Randomized Feeding Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4392-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisy","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Carnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Pilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland 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