{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:16:48Z","timestamp":1790731008614,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incretin\u2010based obesity therapies (IBTs), especially GLP\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs), effectively treat obesity and improve comorbidities. However, their impact on energy metabolism is unclear. A recent case of acute generalized muscle weakness in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy after tirzepatide exposure raises concerns about IBTs' potential to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Given the widespread use of IBTs, this inquiry is crucial due to potential adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative literature review of evidence linking incretins and IBTs to mitochondrial physiology, bioenergetics, and OXPHOS was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early research on incretin physiology focused on insulin secretion in pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cells. However, GLP\u20101 counteracts insulin signaling during excessive nutrient delivery by activating anti\u2010inflammatory pathways associated with fasting, suggesting it mitigates the adverse effects of overfeeding. Preclinical studies show that IBTs activate thermogenic genes and uncoupling proteins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have identified indirect evidence suggesting that IBTs may induce OXPHOS uncoupling. We propose a testable hypothesis that establishes a close relationship between the distinct effects of IBTs on weight loss and their direct reduction of oxidative stress. Should this hypothesis be validated, it would enhance our comprehension of the physiology underlying IBTs and the potential adverse effects on muscle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.70294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:14:32Z","timestamp":1790255672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incretin\u2010Based Therapies: A Testable Hypothesis Linking Incretin Signaling, Mitochondrial Redox, and\n                    <scp>OXPHOS<\/scp>\n                    Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2913-3213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryn","family":"Falahee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8029-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Apovian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7163-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawfal","family":"Istfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2025.01.021","article-title":"Mechanisms of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonist\u2010Induced Weight Loss: A Review of Central and Peripheral Pathways in Appetite and Energy Regulation","volume":"138","author":"Moiz A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.57232","article-title":"Longitudinal Analysis of Obesity Drug Use and Public Awareness","volume":"8","author":"Berning P.","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24336","article-title":"Nutritional Priorities to Support GLP\u20101 Therapy for Obesity: A Joint Advisory From the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society","volume":"33","author":"Mozaffarian D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000934","article-title":"Effect of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists on Body Composition","volume":"32","author":"Bhandarkar A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15728","article-title":"Changes in Lean Body Mass With Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101\u2010Based Therapies and Mitigation Strategies","volume":"26","author":"Neeland I. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.05.022","article-title":"Methodological Standards for Body Composition\u2010An Expert\u2010Endorsed Guide for Research and Clinical Applications: Levels, Models, and Terminology","volume":"122","author":"Prado C. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.07.004","article-title":"Unexpected Effects of Semaglutide on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Force\u2010Generating Capacity in Mice","volume":"37","author":"Karasawa T.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0966-2","article-title":"GLP\u20101 Analog Liraglutide\u2010Induced Cardiac Dysfunction due to Energetic Starvation in Heart Failure With Non\u2010Diabetic Dilated Cardiomyopathy","volume":"18","author":"Shiraki A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Diabetology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-00674-4","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Mitochondrial Myopathies","volume":"15","author":"Ahmed S. T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jgc4.1892","article-title":"Genetic Counseling for the Dystrophinopathies\u2010Practice Resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors","volume":"34","author":"Pickart A. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Genetic Counseling"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13742","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.098400","article-title":"Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genomic Responses to Loss of LRPPRC Expression","volume":"285","author":"Gohil V. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.054","article-title":"A Metabolic Signature of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Revealed Through a Monogenic Form of Leigh Syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Thompson Legault J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00487.2024","article-title":"Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Analysis of Human Bioenergetics in Obesity: Implications of the Second Law","volume":"329","author":"Istfan N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Pyridine Nucleotides and Rate Control","volume":"27","author":"Krebs H. A.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04303-x","article-title":"OxPhos Defects Cause Hypermetabolism and Reduce Lifespan in Cells and in Patients With Mitochondrial Diseases","volume":"6","author":"Sturm G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.100665.3","article-title":"Becker Muscular Dystrophy Mice Showed Site\u2010Specific Decay of Type IIa Fibers With Capillary Change in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"13","author":"Miyazaki D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.1.121","article-title":"Reduced Cytosolic Acidification During Exercise Suggests Defective Glycolytic Activity in Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Becker Muscular Dystrophy. An In\u00a0Vivo 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study","volume":"122","author":"Lodi R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12527","article-title":"Comparative Proteomic Analyses of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy Muscles: Changes Contributing to Preserve Muscle Function in Becker Muscular Dystrophy Patients","volume":"11","author":"Capitanio D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2019.tb00092.x","article-title":"Physiology of the Incretin Hormones, GIP and GLP\u20101\u2010Regulation of Release and Posttranslational Modifications","volume":"9","author":"Holst J. J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E103","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00360.2023","article-title":"Evaluating Glucose\u2010Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon as Key Regulators of Insulin Secretion in the Pancreatic Islet","volume":"327","author":"Lewandowski S. L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156038","article-title":"Seven Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists and Polyagonists for Weight Loss in Patients With Obesity or Overweight: An Updated Systematic Review and Network Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"161","author":"Xie Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000255","article-title":"Effect of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 on High\u2010Glucose\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis in Human Endothelial Cells and Its Underlying Mechanism","volume":"66","author":"Wang R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23403","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Prevents Methylglyoxal\u2010Induced Apoptosis of Beta Cells Through Improving Mitochondrial Function and Suppressing Prolonged AMPK Activation","volume":"6","author":"Chang T. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20021288","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Mobilizes Intracellular Ca2+ and Stimulates Mitochondrial ATP Synthesis in Pancreatic MIN6 Beta\u2010Cells","volume":"369","author":"Tsuboi T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00805","article-title":"Stimulation of GLP\u20101 Receptor Inhibits Methylglyoxal\u2010Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts: Potential Role of Epac\/PI3K\/Akt Pathway","volume":"11","author":"Nuamnaichati N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.03.004","article-title":"GLP\u20101 Promotes Mitochondrial Metabolism in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Enhancing Endoplasmic Reticulum\u2010Mitochondria Coupling","volume":"446","author":"Morales P. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2017_1634","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonist Stimulates Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Human Adipocytes","volume":"64","author":"Goralska J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biochimica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.05.001","article-title":"GLP\u20101 Receptor Signaling in Astrocytes Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Function","volume":"31","author":"Timper K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2025.101681","article-title":"GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists, Body Composition, Skeletal Muscle and Risk of Sarcopaenia: From Promising Findings in Animal Models to Debated Concern in Human Studies","volume":"51","author":"Scheen A. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1934","article-title":"GLP\u20101 Receptor Localization in Monkey and Human Tissue: Novel Distribution Revealed With Extensively Validated Monoclonal Antibody","volume":"155","author":"Pyke C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70126","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonism and Muscle Health: Vascular and Myocellular Effects on Glucose and Protein Metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Katsanos C. S.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12434","article-title":"Amelioration of Muscle Wasting by Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonist in Muscle Atrophy","volume":"10","author":"Hong Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1730465","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) and Glucose Metabolism in Human Myocytes","volume":"173","author":"Luque M. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044284","article-title":"Glucagon Like Peptide\u20101\u2010Induced Glucose Metabolism in Differentiated Human Muscle Satellite Cells Is Attenuated by Hyperglycemia","volume":"7","author":"Green C. J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13677","article-title":"The Effects of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists on Mitochondrial Function Within Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"Old V. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.70254","article-title":"Mitochondrial Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle Following Incretin\u2010Based Therapies: In\u00a0Vitro","volume":"17","author":"Old V.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2021.148518","article-title":"Substrate\u2010Dependent Differential Regulation of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Heart and Kidney Cortex and Outer Medulla","volume":"1863","author":"Tomar N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta \u2010 Bioenergetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1161\/RES.0000000000000097","article-title":"Assessing Cardiac Metabolism: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"118","author":"Taegtmeyer H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1012478","article-title":"Monogenic Mitochondrial Disorders","volume":"366","author":"Koopman W. J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2017.07.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial Membrane Potential","volume":"552","author":"Zorova L. D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1161\/RES.0000000000000104","article-title":"Mitochondrial Function, Biology, and Role in Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"118","author":"Murphy E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4264-1_8","article-title":"The Relation Between Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Reactive Oxygen Species Formation","volume":"2878","author":"Lebiedzinska\u2010Arciszewska M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-018-9767-7","article-title":"Mitochondrial NADH Redox Potential Impacts the Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Reverse Electron Transfer Through Complex I","volume":"50","author":"Dubouchaud H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(00)00135-2","article-title":"Uncoupling to Survive? The Role of Mitochondrial Inefficiency in Ageing","volume":"35","author":"Brand M. D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"The Regulation and Physiology of Mitochondrial Proton Leak","volume":"26","author":"Divakaruni A. S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13938","article-title":"Fifty Years on: How We Uncovered the Unique Bioenergetics of Brown Adipose Tissue","volume":"237","author":"Nicholls D. G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica (Oxf)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2024.03.005","article-title":"Structural Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 1 Regulation in Thermogenesis","volume":"49","author":"Jones S. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027376426860","article-title":"The Non\u2010Ohmic Proton Leak\u201425\u2009Years On","volume":"17","author":"Nicholls D. G.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R243","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-1439","article-title":"MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Human Brown Adipose Tissue as a Therapeutic Target: Warming Up or Cooling Down?","volume":"184","author":"McNeill B. T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2007.03.006","article-title":"Dinitrophenol and Obesity: An Early Twentieth\u2010Century Regulatory Dilemma","volume":"48","author":"Colman E.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Handbook of Obesity Volume 2","author":"Burak M. F.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14850","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82411-5","article-title":"The Quantitative Contributions of Mitochondrial Proton Leak and ATP Turnover Reactions to the Changed Respiration Rates of Hepatocytes From Rats of Different Thyroid Status","volume":"268","author":"Harper M. E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.034","article-title":"The Effect of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 and Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on Energy Expenditure: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"142","author":"Maciel M. G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1139\/h2012-068","article-title":"Alterations in Energy Balance Following Exenatide Administration","volume":"37","author":"Bradley D. P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70116","article-title":"Effects of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists (Mono and Combination Therapy) on Energy Expenditure: A Scoping Review","volume":"27","author":"Vieira F. T.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503093321001","article-title":"Changes in Energy Expenditure Resulting From Altered Body Weight","volume":"332","author":"Leibel R. L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330897","article-title":"The Efficiency and Plasticity of Mitochondrial Energy Transduction","volume":"33","author":"Brand M. D.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemical Society Transactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0111","article-title":"Mitochondrial NAD(P)(+) Transhydrogenase: From Molecular Features to Physiology and Disease","volume":"36","author":"Francisco A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants & Redox Signaling"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2024.0694","article-title":"Mitochondrial Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase: Role in Energy Metabolism, Redox Homeostasis, and Cancer","volume":"41","author":"Gan Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants & Redox Signaling"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2416394","article-title":"Tirzepatide as Compared With Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity","volume":"393","author":"Aronne L. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1710","article-title":"Tirzepatide Reduces Appetite, Energy Intake, and Fat Mass in People With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Heise T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","first-page":"472","article-title":"Energy Balance and Obesity: The Emerging Role of Glucagon Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists","volume":"27","author":"Beauregard N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16106","article-title":"Why Does GLP\u20101 Agonist Combined With GIP and\/or GCG Agonist Have Greater Weight Loss Effect Than GLP\u20101 Agonist Alone in Obese Adults Without Type 2 Diabetes?","volume":"27","author":"Jiang Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.03.011","article-title":"Tirzepatide Did Not Impact Metabolic Adaptation in People With Obesity, but Increased Fat Oxidation","volume":"37","author":"Ravussin E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0302","article-title":"GLP\u20101 Agonism Stimulates Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Browning Through Hypothalamic AMPK","volume":"63","author":"Beiroa D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-16-0078","article-title":"Exendin\u20104 Increases Oxygen Consumption and Thermogenic Gene Expression in Muscle Cells","volume":"58","author":"Choung J. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24274","article-title":"Semaglutide\u2010Induced Weight Loss Improves Mitochondrial Energy Efficiency in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"33","author":"Choi R. H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemeta\/load014","article-title":"Weight Loss Increases Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Energy Efficiency in Obese Mice","volume":"2","author":"Ferrara P. J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.201810","article-title":"Semaglutide\u2010Induced Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Blunted by Co\u2010Administration of Ketone Esters","volume":"11","author":"Abuetabh Y.","year":"2026","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.14107","article-title":"Mitochondrial Involvement in Sarcopenia","volume":"240","author":"Affourtit C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica (Oxf)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1098391","article-title":"Impact of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonist Versus Omega\u20103 Fatty Acids Supplement on Obesity\u2010Induced Alterations of Mitochondrial Respiration","volume":"14","author":"Jansen K. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1793","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00168.2025","article-title":"GLP\u20101 and Ghrelin Inversely Regulate Insulin Secretion and Action in Pancreatic Islets, Vagal Afferents, and Hypothalamus for Controlling Glycemia and Feeding","volume":"328","author":"Yada T.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15001","article-title":"Glucose\u2010Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Counteracts Diet\u2010Induced Obesity Along With Reduced Feeding, Elevated Plasma Leptin and Activation of Leptin\u2010Responsive and Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus","volume":"25","author":"Han W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00261","article-title":"Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Enteroendocrine Cells","volume":"159","author":"Lu V. B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab078","article-title":"Protein\u2010 and Calcium\u2010Mediated GLP\u20101 Secretion: A Narrative Review","volume":"12","author":"Watkins J. D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021087","article-title":"Nutrient Combinations Sensed by L\u2010Cell Receptors Potentiate GLP\u20101 Secretion","volume":"25","author":"Sodum N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E636","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00094.2021","article-title":"Acute Carbohydrate Overfeeding: A Redox Model of Insulin Action and Its Impact on Metabolic Dysfunction in Humans","volume":"321","author":"Istfan N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.10.014","article-title":"Altered Glucose Metabolism After Bariatric Surgery: What's GLP\u20101 Got to Do With It?","volume":"83","author":"Smith E. P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2538","article-title":"Roux\u2010En\u2010Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission and Role of Gut Hormones","volume":"98","author":"Nannipieri M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155198","article-title":"Effects of Ileal Glucose Infusion on Enteropancreatic Hormone Secretion in Humans: Relationship to Glucose Absorption","volume":"131","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2156","article-title":"Comparative Effects of Proximal and Distal Small Intestinal Glucose Exposure on Glycemia, Incretin Hormone Secretion, and the Incretin Effect in Health and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2021.01.041","article-title":"The Role of GLP\u20101 in Postprandial Glucose Metabolism After Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review of Human GLP\u20101 Receptor Antagonist Studies","volume":"17","author":"Hindso M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000131","article-title":"Updates in Weight Loss Surgery and Gastrointestinal Peptides","volume":"22","author":"Svane M. S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1905136","article-title":"Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease","volume":"381","author":"Cabo R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-8527rev","article-title":"Fuel Economy in Food\u2010Deprived Skeletal Muscle: Signaling Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"Lange P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.08.092","article-title":"GLP\u20101 Contributes to Increases in PGC\u20101alpha Expression by Downregulating miR\u201023a to Reduce Apoptosis","volume":"466","author":"Wang C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2025.100397","article-title":"The Role of AMPK Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Its Complications and Related Metabolic Disorders","volume":"28","author":"Hunie Tesfa K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolism Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1826-7","article-title":"Liraglutide Induces Beige Fat Development and Promotes Mitochondrial Function in Diet Induced Obesity Mice Partially Through AMPK\u2010SIRT\u20101\u2010PGC1\u2010Alpha Cell Signaling Pathway","volume":"64","author":"Zhou J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3751","article-title":"Semaglutide (GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonist) Stimulates Browning on Subcutaneous Fat Adipocytes and Mitigates Inflammation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Visceral Fat Adipocytes of Obese Mice","volume":"40","author":"Martins F. F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biochemistry and Function"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0012","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator\u2010Activated Receptor\u2010Gamma Coactivator 1 Alpha (PGC\u20101 Alpha): Transcriptional Coactivator and Metabolic Regulator","volume":"24","author":"Puigserver P.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.07.136","article-title":"The Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Enhances Intrinsic Peroxisome Proliferator\u2010Activated Receptor Gamma Activity in Endothelial Cells","volume":"451","author":"Onuma H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1350","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 Regulates Adipogenesis in 3T3\u2010L1 Preadipocytes","volume":"31","author":"Yang J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2021.09.003","article-title":"Mitofusin 2: A Link Between Mitochondrial Function and Substrate Metabolism?","volume":"61","author":"Emery J. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6208","article-title":"Mitofusin 2 as a Driver That Controls Energy Metabolism and Insulin Signaling","volume":"22","author":"Zorzano A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxidants & Redox Signaling"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.002","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Regulation of Nutrient Utilization and Energy Expenditure","volume":"17","author":"Liesa M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001218","article-title":"A Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 Analog Protects Mitochondria and Attenuates Hypoxia\u2010Reoxygenation Injury in Cultured Cardiomyocytes","volume":"79","author":"Kobara M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2018.11.017","article-title":"Fasting Promotes Functional Changes in Liver Mitochondria","volume":"1860","author":"Menezes\u2010Filho S. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta \u2010 Bioenergetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.01.009","article-title":"The Effects of Fasting and Refeeding With a \u2018Metabolic Preconditioning\u2019 Drink on Substrate Reserves and Mononuclear Cell Mitochondrial Function","volume":"29","author":"Awad S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1019","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00195.2019","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Alleviates Diabetic Kidney Disease Through Activation of Autophagy by Regulating AMP\u2010Activated Protein Kinase\u2010Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway","volume":"319","author":"Yang S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.80944","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Activation Stimulates PKA\u2010Mediated Phosphorylation of Raptor and This Contributes to the Weight Loss Effect of Liraglutide","volume":"12","author":"Le T. D. V.","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2009.009206","article-title":"Insulin Inhibits Human Erythrocyte cAMP Accumulation and ATP Release: Role of Phosphodiesterase 3 and Phosphoinositide 3\u2010Kinase","volume":"235","author":"Hanson M. S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-12428","article-title":"Effect of GLP\u20101 on Lipid Metabolism in Human Adipocytes","volume":"33","author":"Villanueva\u2010Penacarrillo M. L.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0037","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator\u2010Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1 Coactivators, Energy Homeostasis, and Metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Handschin C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9944-9","article-title":"The Interaction of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fission\/Fusion Mediated by PGC\u20101alpha Regulates Rotenone\u2010Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity","volume":"54","author":"Peng K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13175","article-title":"New Insights Into PGC\u20101 Coactivators: Redefining Their Role in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function and Beyond","volume":"282","author":"Villena J. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1120","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00210.2014","article-title":"AMPK Activation by Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Prevents NADPH Oxidase Activation Induced by Hyperglycemia in Adult Cardiomyocytes","volume":"307","author":"Balteau M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15983","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252625599","article-title":"AMP Kinase Is Required for Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle in Response to Chronic Energy Deprivation","volume":"99","author":"Zong H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.3.642","article-title":"Regulation of PGC\u20101 Promoter Activity by Protein Kinase B and the Forkhead Transcription Factor FKHR","volume":"52","author":"Daitoku H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201303782","article-title":"Mitochondrial Response to Nutrient Availability and Its Role in Metabolic Disease","volume":"6","author":"Gao A. W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2024.07.060","article-title":"Analysis of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Regulation by Oxidative Stress","volume":"707","author":"Pathak D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.6.2826","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction During Hypoxia\/Reoxygenation and Its Correction by Anaerobic Metabolism of Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates","volume":"97","author":"Weinberg J. M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.08.027","article-title":"Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of 99,599 Patients","volume":"86","author":"Galli M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00271-7","article-title":"Effects of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists on Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials","volume":"13","author":"Badve S. V.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","first-page":"846","article-title":"Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes and Mortality With Long\u2010Acting Injectable and Oral Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Trials","volume":"48","author":"Lee M. M. Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16207","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.013899","article-title":"Flux Through Mitochondrial Redox Circuits Linked to Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase Generates Counterbalance Changes in Energy Expenditure","volume":"295","author":"Smith C. D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100377","article-title":"Can NAD(P)(+) Transhydrogenase (NNT) Mediate a Physiologically Meaningful Increase in Energy Expenditure by Mitochondria During H(2)O(2) Removal?","volume":"296","author":"Figueira T. R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.091769","article-title":"Effect of Protein Overfeeding on Energy Expenditure Measured in a Metabolic Chamber","volume":"101","author":"Bray G. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1313","article-title":"Effect of Three Levels of Dietary Protein on Metabolic Phenotype of Healthy Individuals With 8\u2009Weeks of Overfeeding","volume":"101","author":"Bray G. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2291","article-title":"Liraglutide Reduces Oxidative Stress and Restores Heme Oxygenase\u20101 and Ghrelin Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Pilot Study","volume":"100","author":"Rizzo M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-015-1124-3","article-title":"Exenatide (a GLP\u20101 Agonist) Improves the Antioxidative Potential of In\u00a0Vitro Cultured Human Monocytes\/Macrophages","volume":"388","author":"Buldak L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Naunyn\u2010Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26597","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301850200","article-title":"Bioenergetic Analysis of Peroxisome Proliferator\u2010Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivators 1alpha and 1beta (PGC\u20101alpha and PGC\u20101beta) in Muscle Cells","volume":"278","author":"St\u2010Pierre J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.01.017","article-title":"Small Molecule PGC\u20101alpha1 Protein Stabilizers Induce Adipocyte Ucp1 Expression and Uncoupled Mitochondrial Respiration","volume":"9","author":"Pettersson\u2010Klein A. T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.04.002","article-title":"Complementary Action of the PGC\u20101 Coactivators in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Brown Fat Differentiation","volume":"3","author":"Uldry M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060034","article-title":"Overexpression of Peroxisome Proliferator\u2010Activated Receptor Gamma Co\u2010Activator\u20101alpha Leads to Muscle Atrophy With Depletion of ATP","volume":"169","author":"Miura S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)02105-1","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Receptor Agonists and Next\u2010Generation Incretin\u2010Based Medications: Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Renal Benefits","volume":"407","author":"Nauck M. A.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/oby.70294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/oby.70294","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/oby.70294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:14:49Z","timestamp":1790255689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/oby.70294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/oby.70294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.70294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1930-7381","1930-739X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1930-7381","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-739X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"oby.70294"}}