{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:37:13Z","timestamp":1792816633423,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurocognitive traits can drive obesity\u2010related eating behaviors. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) integrates reward and sensory information to guide food\u2010related decision\u2010making. Here, we build on prior data in individuals without obesity demonstrating that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the OFC improves cognitive impulse control to test the effect of OFC tDCS in individuals with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We use a single\u2010blind, randomized, sham\u2010controlled study among 60 adults with obesity to test whether either active (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) or sham (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) anodal tDCS targeting the left OFC specifically improves cognitive control using the Food and Word\u2010Color Stroop tasks, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Stop Signal Task.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across all cognitive outcomes, active stimulation did not differ from sham. However, moderation analyses revealed that higher baseline food addiction symptoms were associated with poorer performance with tDCS on the high\u2010calorie Food Stroop condition, whereas lower impulsivity, lower emotional eating, and higher cognitive restraint were associated with improved post\u2010stimulation performance on the low\u2010calorie Food Stroop condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unlike what has been reported in lean individuals, a single session of OFC\u2010targeted tDCS is insufficient to modify cognitive control in individuals with obesity. However, the cognitive effects of a single session of OFC stimulation depend on individual neurocognitive characteristics in obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      NCT04218383\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.70319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:51:22Z","timestamp":1792813882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Orbitofrontal Cortex\n                    <scp>tDCS<\/scp>\n                    on Cognitive Control in Individuals With Obesity: A Randomized Sham\u2010Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1912-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Ruffolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"McGirr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Borgland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","article-title":"Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25\u2009Years","volume":"377","author":"GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators; A. 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