{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:54:46Z","timestamp":1792090486539,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to validate a laryngeal simulation model and subsequently demonstrate its efficacy in improving surgical technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre\u2010post interventional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otolaryngology Program at a Tertiary Care Center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A low\u2010cost, high\u2010fidelity laryngeal model was created using a 3\u2010dimensional\u2010printed cast and multilayered silicone to mimic vocal fold lesions. Participants (attendings and trainees) were first given a series of tasks including mucosal vocal fold lesion resection and microflap excision of a submucosal lesion. Trainees were then provided with an instructional video from a laryngologist and asked to repeat the same tasks on the model. Performance data was then assessed using validated surveys and blinded expert reviewers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen participants completed the simulation. All subjects agreed that the \u201csimulation experience was useful\u201d and 93% agreed \u201cthe simulator helped improve my ability to do microsurgical tasks.\u201d In the postinstruction self\u2010evaluation, trainees reported a significant decrease in mental demand (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37\u20100.91; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.038) and significant increase in subjective performance (95% CI: 1.51\u201051.89; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.016) compared to the preinstruction self\u2010evaluation. On the postinstruction attempt, there was a significant improvement in all domains of the adapted objective structured assessment of technical skills as measured by 3 blinded, expert reviewers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the usefulness of a silicone larynx model and the value of instructional video in developing laryngeal microsurgical skills. Participants positively reviewed the laryngeal model and trainees saw both a subjective and objective improvement indicating tangible operative benefits from the use of this laryngeal simulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T16:00:37Z","timestamp":1727798437000},"page":"214-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of a 3D\u2010Printed Silicone\u2010Based Laryngeal Model for Resident Education"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-1655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Yousef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin 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