{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:28:34Z","timestamp":1772782114616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a need to develop and validate a brief questionnaire to measure tinnitus severity that can meet the needs of clinicians and researchers. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the 9\u2010item Tinnitus Severity Short Form (TS\u2010SF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort study of online survey respondents recruited in October 2020 from the American Tinnitus Association electronic mailing list with a 2\u2010week follow\u2010up time interval.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Online.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Face and content validity, factor analysis, internal consistency, convergent validity, reliability, and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1121 participants that started the survey, 325 (29%) completed the baseline TS\u2010SF. Through confirmatory factor analysis, the 9\u2010item survey demonstrated a bifactor model with a substantive distress factor and a method factor. The instrument had high internal consistency with Cronbach's <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> of\u2009.96. Convergent validity determined the TS\u2010SF score to be a predictor of tinnitus severity. Of 261 follow\u2010up respondents, the test\u2010retest reliability of <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.62\u20100.75) was determined. The MCID was determined using a distribution approach to be a 12\u2010point change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TS\u2010SF demonstrates good internal consistency, validity, and reliability. This patient\u2010reported outcome measure for tinnitus can be used in tinnitus treatment trials and clinical practice. The 9\u2010item survey is less likely to result in respondent survey fatigue than longer surveys, and the 2\u2010week reference interval allows for monitoring of tinnitus severity change in an appropriate timeframe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T14:03:49Z","timestamp":1734012229000},"page":"897-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and Validation of a Shortened Severity Measurement Tool for Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma R.","family":"Dear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Turcois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madelyn R.","family":"Frumkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harrison","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorina","family":"Kallogjeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Rodebaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay F.","family":"Piccirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Handbook of Tinnitus","author":"Davis A","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31822f67c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890140029007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Psychometric adequacy of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) for evaluating treatment outcome","volume":"9","author":"Newman CW","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7874\/kja.2014.18.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2042618612Y.0000000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_AJA-20-00164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.16171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"CimaR FullerT Van den BusscheE VlaeyenJ. 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